Evaluation of teriparatide effect on healing of autografted mandibular defects in rats

Publication date: Available online 23 November 2018

Source: Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): Mohammad Zandi, Arash Dehghan, Faezeh Gheysari, Leila Rezaeian, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the effects of short-term teriparatide administration on healing of autologous bone graft in mandibular critical-size defects.

Subjects

and methods: A 5-mm mandibular bone defect was created and iliac bone graft was harvested in 135 rats. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of negative control (NC), control (C), and study (S). In groups S and C, iliac graft was placed in defect and 2 μg/kg/day teriparatide or saline, respectively, was administered for 20 days. In group NC, iliac graft was not transferred to the defect and saline was injected for 20 days. Twenty, 40, and 60 days after surgery, 15 rats in each group were euthanized and the healing process was histologically evaluated and scored using a grading system (1 to 6).

Results

In group NC, defects did not heal or were predominantly filled with fibrous tissue. At day 20, bone defects in both C and S groups contained a large area of graft particles, numerous collagen fibers and some areas of new trabeculae. At the day 40, defects in group S showed a larger bone graft area, more new bone formation, smaller connective tissue area, and a higher healing score compared to group C (P<0.05). At day 60, most of the defect in group S was filled with graft particles and mature bone while in group C, new trabecular bone formation was still underway (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Teriparatide therapy improves healing of bone defects reconstructed with autograft by reducing bone graft resorption and enhancing new bone formation and maturation.

from OroFacial via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AdIuAn

The limited role of elective neck dissection in patients with cN0 salivary gland carcinoma

Publication date: Available online 22 November 2018

Source: Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): Kai Qian, Kai Guo, Xiaoke Zheng, Wenyu Sun, Tuanqi Sun, Lili Chen, Ding Ma, Yi Wu, Qinghai Ji, Zhuoying Wang

Summary

Purpose

To evaluate whether elective neck dissection (END) was beneficial for cN0 patients with salivary gland carcinoma.

Materials and methods

The rates of regional failure-free survival and disease-free survival were calculated using Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox models. The risk factors for occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) in cN0 patients undergoing END was analyzed using logistic regression. A nomogram was formulated to calculate the estimated probability of OLNM.

Results

Neck dissection was performed in 84 patients (43.3%). OLNM was detected in eight of the patients who underwent END. During the follow-up period, regional recurrences involving cervical lymph nodes were found in 10 patients. Cox model analysis revealed that neck dissection was not related to regional failure-free survival and disease-free survival. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, neural symptoms, and positive adjacent lymph nodes were associated with OLNM. A nomogram comprising age, neural symptoms, and adjacent lymph nodes was developed to predict the risk of OLNM.

Conclusion

The incidence of OLNM was low in cN0 patients after detailed preoperative evaluations. There was no strong evidence supporting END as a conventional therapy in cN0 patients with salivary cancers. Our nomogram is a simple and practical instrument for strengthening the prediction of OLNM.

from OroFacial via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2TwxtTP

The Effects of Le Fort I Osteotomy on Velopharyngeal Function in Cleft Patients

Publication date: Available online 22 November 2018

Source: Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): Suvi Alaluusua, Leena Turunen, Anne Saarikko, Ahmed Geneid, Junnu Leikola, Arja Heliövaara

from OroFacial via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AeJcxy

Repeatability of Regional Lung Ventilation Quantification Using Fluorinated (19F) Gas Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Publication date: Available online 22 November 2018

Source: Academic Radiology

Author(s): Marcel Gutberlet, Till F. Kaireit, Andreas Voskrebenzev, Agilo L. Kern, Arnd Obert, Frank Wacker, Jens M. Hohlfeld, Jens Vogel-Claussen

Rationale and Objectives

To assess the repeatability of global and regional lung ventilation quantification in both healthy subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using fluorinated (¹⁹F) gas washout magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in free breathing.

Material and Methods

In this prospective institutional review board-approved study, 12 healthy nonsmokers and eight COPD patients were examined with ¹⁹F dynamic gas washout MR imaging in free breathing and with lung function testing. Measurements were repeated within 2 weeks. Lung ventilation was quantified using ¹⁹F gas washout time. Repeatability was analyzed for the total lung and on a regional basis using the coefficient of variation (COV) and Bland–Altman plots.

Results

In healthy subjects and COPD patients, a good repeatability was found for lung ventilation quantification using dynamic ¹⁹F gas washout MR imaging on a global (COV < 8%) and regional (COV < 15%) level. Gas washout time was significantly increased in the COPD group compared to the healthy subjects.

Conclusion

¹⁹F gas washout MR imaging provides a good repeatability of lung ventilation quantification and appears to be sensitive to early changes of regional lung function alterations such as normal aging.

from Imaging via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PQjp9g

Editorial Board

Publication date: November 2018

Source: Journal of Phonetics, Volume 71

Author(s):

from Speech via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AfzuuC

Bacillus subtilis exopolysaccharide prevents allergic eosinophilia

from Allergy and Immunology via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P0Hm8V

Articulatory Contact Pressure during Bilabial Plosive Production in Esophageal and Tracheoesophageal Speech

Objectives: The present study investigated the articulatory contact pressure during the production of bilabial plosives by esophageal (ES), tracheoesophageal (TE), and laryngeal speakers. Methods: The peak contact pressure (PCP) during bilabial plosive production of /CVCVCVCVCV/ syllable strings of /p/ and /p^h/ was obtained from 10 ES, 10 TE, and 10 laryngeal speakers of Cantonese. PCP values were obtained by using a pressure transduction system (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument) during speech production. Results: The results showed that ES speakers exhibited a significantly greater PCP value than TE and laryngeal speakers, as revealed by cheek muscle compression force. In addition, the unaspirated bilabial plosive /p/ was associated with a greater PCP than its aspirated counterpart /p^h/. Conclusion: The current findings might support the hypothesis of over-exaggerated speech for better intelligibility among alaryngeal speakers. In addition, the increased oral muscular effort could be associated with a compensatory strategy for maintaining a high intraoral pressure or the unique air intake by ES speakers.
Folia Phoniatr Logop 2019;71:1–6

from Speech via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2qZZYMt