Abstract
Purpose
There are no established guidelines for treatment of Spetzler–Martin grade III–V brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). The purpose of this study is to report our institutional experience in total obliteration/eradication of grade III–V bAVMs by single-stage planning of embolization combined with microsurgical resection when necessary.
Methods
All patients harboring Spetzler–Martin (S–M) grade III–V bAVMs treated with single-stage planning between January 2006 and January 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. This treatment paradigm is applicable only to surgically accessible bAVMs and does not include deep-seated bAVMs. Indications for treatment, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Outcomes were assessed based on modified Rankin Scale.
Results
A total of 31 patients were identified. Seventeen patients (54.8%) presented with hemorrhage, 10 (32.3%) with seizures, 3 (9.7%) with headaches, and 1 (3.2%) with progressive neurological deficit. Based on S–M grading system, 25 patients (80.6%) harbored grade III bAVM, 5 patients had grade IV bAVMs (16.1%), and 1 patient (3.2%) had a grade V bAVM. There were no treatment-related complications in 24/31 (77.4%) patients. Of the total of seven patients with complications, four patients had clinical deterioration. The long-term (> 6-month), non-disabling morbidity (mRS ≤ 2) rate was 6.5%. The long-term, disabling morbidity rate was 3.2% with a mortality of 3.2%. Complete angiographic obliteration was achieved in 30/31 (96.8%) patients.
Conclusion
Single-stage treatment strategy can be considered as an alternative to multistage embolization prior to surgery in grade III–V bAVMs. In this study, a high rate of total obliteration with relatively low rates of permanent morbidity and mortality was achieved.
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