Risk of Arterial Thromboembolism in Patients With Cancer

Publication date: 22 August 2017
Source:Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Volume 70, Issue 8
Author(s): Babak B. Navi, Anne S. Reiner, Hooman Kamel, Costantino Iadecola, Peter M. Okin, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Katherine S. Panageas, Lisa M. DeAngelis
BackgroundThe risk of arterial thromboembolism in patients with cancer is incompletely understood.ObjectivesThe authors aimed to better define this epidemiological relationship, including the effects of cancer stage.MethodsUsing the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results–Medicare linked database, the authors identified patients with a new primary diagnosis of breast, lung, prostate, colorectal, bladder, pancreatic, or gastric cancer or non-Hodgkin lymphoma from 2002 to 2011. They were individually matched by demographics and comorbidities to a Medicare enrollee without cancer, and each pair was followed through 2012. Validated diagnosis codes were used to identify arterial thromboembolism, defined as myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. Cumulative incidence rates were calculated using competing risk survival statistics. Cox hazards analysis was used to compare rates between groups at discrete time points.ResultsThe authors identified 279,719 pairs of patients with cancer and matched control patients. The 6-month cumulative incidence of arterial thromboembolism was 4.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6% to 4.8%) in patients with cancer compared with 2.2% (95% CI: 2.1% to 2.2%) in control patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.2; 95% CI: 2.1 to 2.3). The 6-month cumulative incidence of myocardial infarction was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.9% to 2.0%) in patients with cancer compared with 0.7% (95% CI: 0.6% to 0.7%) in control patients (HR: 2.9; 95% CI: 2.8 to 3.1). The 6-month cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke was 3.0% (95% CI: 2.9% to 3.1%) in patients with cancer compared with 1.6% (95% CI: 1.6% to 1.7%) in control patients (HR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.8 to 2.0). Excess risk varied by cancer type (greatest for lung), correlated with cancer stage, and generally had resolved by 1 year.ConclusionsPatients with incident cancer face a substantially increased short-term risk of arterial thromboembolism.

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