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Tuesday, July 9, 2019

Clinical Oral Investigations

Correction to: Sinus augmentation analysis of the gradient of graft consolidation: a split-mouth histomorphometric study

Figure 1 was reused with permission from "Wiley", the publisher of a previous article by the same authors, DOI:10.1111/cid.12518.



Correction to: The fate of root canals obturated with Thermafil: 10-year data for patients treated in a master's program

The author names in the original version of this article were inadvertently interchange. Correct presentation of author names is reflected here.



Systemic administration of curcumin or piperine enhances the periodontal repair: a preliminary study in rats

Abstract

Objectives

Studies have documented the anti-inflammatory effects of spices, which may be related to treatment of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of curcumin and piperine and their association on experimental periodontal repair in rats.

Materials and methods

Periodontitis was induced via the installation of a ligature around the first molar. After 15 days, the ligatures were removed, and the rats were separated into groups (12 animals per group): (i) curcumin, (ii) piperine, (iii) curcumin+piperine, (iv) corn oil vehicle, and (v) control group (animals had ligature-induced periodontitis but were not treated). The compounds were administered daily, for 15 days by oral gavage. Animals were euthanized at 5 and 15 days, and hemimaxillae and gingival tissues were harvested. Bone repair was assessed by μCT (microcomputer tomography). Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin (H/E) for the assessment of cellular infiltrate or picrosirius red for quantification of collagen content, and subjected to immunohistochemistry for detecting NF-ĸB. Gingival tissues were used to evaluate levels of TGF-β and IL-10 (ELISA).

Results

Curcumin and piperine increased the TGF-β level, significantly improved the collagen repair, and decreased the cellularity and activation of NF-ĸB in the periodontal tissues, but only curcumin caused a significant increase in early bone repair.

Conclusion

Curcumin and piperine promoted a substantive effect on tissue repair; however, there was not synergistic effect of compounds administered in combination.

Clinical relevance

Curcumin and piperine stimulates the tissue repair and may be potential candidates for the treatment of periodontal disease.



Sinus augmentation analysis of the gradient of graft consolidation: a split-mouth histomorphometric study

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to histomorphometrically test the hypothesis that graft consolidation originates from the sinus floor.

Materials and methods

This prospective, randomized split-mouth study investigated patients undergoing bilateral maxillary lateral sinus floor augmentation using either freeze-dried bone allografts (FDBAs) or biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bone substitute. Apico-coronal core biopsies were harvested during implant placement 9 months after sinus floor augmentation, processed for histological observation, and measured histomorphometrically.

Results

Biopsies were taken from 26 bilateral sites in 13 patients. The density of new bone (NB) decreased with increasing distance from the sinus floor. The percentage mean surface of NB ranged from 31 ± 9.5% at 2 mm from the sinus floor (G1) to 27.7 ± 11.2% at 4 mm (G2) for the FDBA specimens and from 30.0 ± 11.0% at G1 to 23.5 ± 9.9% at G2 for the BCP specimens. Evaluation of the residual graft particle (GP) area alone as a function of distance from the floor revealed a clear inverse gradient of 7.1 ± 6.6 to 9.1 ± 10.3 between G1 and G2 for the FDBA allografts, with the same tendency for the BCP alloplasts (21.9 ± 9.9 to 27.7 ± 6.6, respectively).

Conclusion

Our results support the concept that osteogenesis initiates in regions proximal to the bony walls of the maxillary sinus and may be enhanced by them.

Clinical relevance

The nature of the grafting material had a greater influence on the degree of NB formation in regions distant from the native walls where there is reduced inherent osteogenic potential.



Should we fear direct oral anticoagulants more than vitamin K antagonists in simple single tooth extraction? A prospective comparative study

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this prospective comparative clinical study was to evaluate the effect of oral anticoagulants on peri- and post-operative bleeding during simple single tooth extractions, comparing patients in treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and patients assuming direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).

Materials and methods

Patients under oral anticoagulant therapy needing dental extraction were eligible for entering the study; patients were enrolled following inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into VKAs and DOAC group according to the anticoagulation therapy. Included patients underwent a simple single dental extraction with elevators and forceps with a maximum surgical time of 15 minutes, without anticoagulation therapy discontinuation. All participants were assessed pre-operatively, during surgery, 30 min minutes and 7 days after surgery. Biological complications were registered and post-extraction bleeding was clinically defined according to Iwabuchi classification. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the variables between the groups.

Results

Sixty-five patients per group were enrolled and 130 teeth were extracted. The two groups were comparable for pre-, peri-, and post-operative variables. Only 1 patient of DOAC group and 2 patients for VKA group needed medical evaluation for post-extractive bleeding. No statistically significant difference resulted in post-operative bleeding events between the groups (p = 0.425).

Conclusions

DOAC and VKA patients showed the same incidence of bleeding complications after simple single tooth extraction. Bleeding events were not statistically significant and not clinically relevant.

Clinical relevance

Patients assuming DOACs can be treated similarly to patients in VKAs therapy with INR index between 2 and 3. Non-ceasing of DOAC therapy seems to be appropriate for simple single dental extractions.



Comparative study of articaine and lidocaine without palatal injection for maxillary teeth extraction

Abstract

Objectives

There is significant evidence that articaine and lidocaine buccal injections alone are sufficient for painless extraction of maxillary teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction of permanent maxillary teeth and to compare pain control between articaine and lidocaine without palatal injection.

Materials and methods

Group A received buccal and palatal injections of 2% lidocaine with 0.015 mg/ml epinephrine. Group B received only buccal local anesthetic injection of 2% lidocaine with 0.015 mg/ml epinephrine. Group C received only buccal injection of 4% articaine with 0.012 mg/ml epinephrine. The patients' perception of pain was assessed using visual analogue scale and verbal response scale after the injection and the extraction.

Results

Statistical analysis showed that the difference in pain perception of local anesthetic injection was statistically significant between groups A and B and between groups A and C (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The extraction of permanent maxillary teeth is possible without palatal injections and there is no difference between articaine and lidocaine.

Clinical relevance

Local anesthetic agents are the most frequently administered drugs in dentistry and represent the primary method of pain control for patients undergoing intraoral procedures.



Chemical analysis of in vivo –irradiated dentine of head and neck cancer patients by ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of in vivo radiotherapy on the chemical properties of human dentine by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman analysis.

Materials and methods

Chemical composition was evaluated comparing control and irradiated group (n = 8). Irradiated teeth were obtained from radiotherapy patients subjected to fractionated X-ray radiation of 1.8 Gy daily totaling 72 Gy. The teeth were sectioned according to the type of dentine (crown or root dentine), obtaining 3-mm dentine cervical slices. The analyzed parameters by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies were mineral/matrix ratio (M:M), carbonate/mineral ratio (C:M), amide I/amide III ratio, and amide I/CH2 ratio. Raman also calculated the phosphate and carbonate crystallinity.

Results

FTIR revealed that M:M had a decrease in both factors (p = 0.008; p = 0.043, respectively) and root dentine showed a lower C:M in the irradiated group (p = 0.003). Raman revealed a higher phosphate crystallinity and a lower carbonate crystallinity in crown dentine of irradiated group (p = 0.021; p = 0.039). For amide I/amide III, the irradiated showed a lower ratio when compared to the control group (FTIR p = 0.002; Raman p = 0.017). For amide I/CH2, the root dentine showed a higher ratio than the crown dentine in both methods (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Radiotherapy altered the chemical composition of human dentine. The exchange of phosphate-carbonate ions in the hydroxyapatite and higher concentration of organic components was found after radiotherapy.

Clinical relevance

The increased risk of radiation-related caries in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy is due not only to salivary, dietary, and microbiological changes but also to changes in tooth chemical composition.



Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in smokers: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the additional influence of multiple applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in smokers with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and methods

Twenty smokers with chronic periodontitis were treated in a split-mouth design study with aPDT adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) or SRP. aPDT was performed by using a laser light source with 660 nm wavelength associated with a photosensitizer. The applications were performed in four episodes (at days 0, 2, 7, and 14). All patients were monitored for 90 days. Plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing were performed at baseline, 30, and 90 days after the SRP. Gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival plaque samples were collected for immunological and microbiological analysis, respectively. Data obtained were statistically analyzed.

Results

aPDT as an adjunct to SRP did not demonstrate statistically significant advantages on clinical parameters when compared with SRP alone. No statistic significant differences between groups were observed (p < 0.05). Levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial species were comparable in both groups at day 90 after treatment.

Conclusion

Periodontal treatment with SRP + aPDT in multiples episodes was not able to promote additional clinical, immunological, and microbiological benefits in smokers when compared SRP alone in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Clinical relevance

Multiple episodes of aPDT adjunctive to non-surgical treatment did not improve significantly the clinical, immunological, and microbiological parameters when compared with SRP alone. More randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate adjuvant therapies for scaling and root planning in smokers with chronic periodontitis. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03039244



The improvement of biocompatibility of adhesives

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effects of resveratrol (RES) addition on the cytotoxicity and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of different adhesives.

Materials and methods

Five self-etching adhesives (G-aenial Bond-GC, Optibond All in One-Kerr, Gluma Self Etch-Kulzer, Clearfil S3 Bond-Kuraray, and Nova Compo-B Plus-Imicryl) were tested. They were applied to L-929 cell culture by the extract method. In the test groups, 0.5 Î¼M RES (Sigma-Aldrich) was added into the medium. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay after 24 h. Human extracted third molars were used for μTBS test (n = 7). The adhesives with or without 0.5 Î¼M RES addition were applied on dentin surfaces. A composite build-up was constructed. Then, the specimens were sectioned into multiple beams with the non-trimming version of the microtensile test and subjected to microtensile forces. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (p ˂ 0.05).

Results

The extracts of all adhesives decreased the cell viability. However, RES addition increased the cell viability in all groups (p ˂ 0.05). RES addition did not cause any decrease in μTBS values of the adhesives compared to baseline. Optibond All in One showed the highest μTBS after RES addition. It was followed by Clerafil S3 Bond and Nova Compo-B Plus. No difference was determined between the Optibond All in One and Clearfil S3 Bond. There was difference between Optibond All in One and Nova Compo-B Plus (p ˂ 0.05).

Conclusion

RES addition may improve the biocompatibility without causing negative influence on μTBS of the adhesives.

Clinical relevance

RES addition has clinical applicable potential to overcome the adverse biocompatibility of adhesives.



Expression of growth mediators in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with aggressive periodontitis undergoing periodontal surgery

Abstract

Objectives

To describe changes in growth factor mediators in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) undergoing regenerative (GTR) and access flap (AF) surgery.

Materials and methods

This was a 12-month, single-blind, split-mouth RCT involving 18 AgP patients with a bilateral intrabony defect which was treated with GTR or AF. GCF was collected prior to surgery and at subsequent follow-up visits from 3 days to 12 months post-operatively, and the levels of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB) were measured. At baseline, 6 and 12 months post-surgery, periodontal clinical parameters were evaluated. ANOVA was applied to test for differences in the amount of mediators (p < 0.05).

Results

Higher amounts of BMP-2 and OPG and a higher area under the curve (AUC) of KGF at the GTR versus AF sites were observed. The maximum change in the amount of KGF correlated significantly with periodontal clinical parameters at the GTR sites at 6 and 12 months. The AUC over 30 days of the amount of Ang-1, VEGF and KGF significantly correlated with periodontal clinical parameters at the AF sites at 6 months.

Conclusions

AF and GTR differentially affected the profile of the growth mediators in GCF, and significant correlations between certain GCF mediators and periodontal clinical outcomes were identified.

Clinical relevance

GCF components represent attractive prognostic markers for periodontal tissues undergoing repair or regeneration. However, the available evidence is not robust enough to suggest the use of a specific marker, and future adequately powered studies are warranted to identify the most relevant mediators that could be applied in clinical practice.



Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182
6948891480

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