This paper develops a mathematical theory for holobiont evolution that parallels the population-genetic theory of classical evolutionary biology. It presents theory for hologenomes having two haploid microbial strains and two diploid host alleles. The theory shows how selection on holobionts causes the joint evolution of microbial and host components of the hologenome. The theory also reveals the distribution of microbiome configurations across hosts as well as stable strategies for microbiome-host...
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Abstract Two kinds of IgE antibody responses against protein‐linked carbohydrates are known: IgE responses against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) present in plants and insect venoms and IgE responses against galactose‐containing determinants occurring in all non‐primate mammals and in New World monkeys1. Both oligosaccharides are N‐glycans, asparagine‐linked carbohydrate moieties. The major CCD epitope has been defined as core α‐1,3‐linked fucose and the galactose‐containing epitope...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 18:18
Related Articles Characterization of N-linked intact glycopeptide signatures of plasma IgGs from patients with prostate carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia for diagnosis pre-stratification. Analyst. 2020 Jun 22;: Authors: Zhang Y, Lin T, Zhao Y, Mao Y, Tao Y, Huang Y, Wang S, Hu L, Cheng J, Yang H Abstract The discovery of novel non-invasive biomarkers for discriminating between prostate carcinoma (PCa) patients and benign prostatic hyperplasia...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 15:11
Background Learning to predict threatening events enables an organism to engage in protective behavior and prevent harm. Failure to differentiate between cues that truly predict danger and those that do not, however, may lead to indiscriminate fear and avoidance behaviors, which in turn may contribute to disability in people with persistent pain. We aimed to test whether people with persistent neck pain exhibit contingency learning deficits in predicting pain relative to pain-free, gender-and age-matched...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
The known diversity of treefrogs of the genus Phyllodytes has rapidly increased in recent years, currently comprising 14 species. Recent field work in the Atlantic Rainforest of the state of Bahia lead to the discovery of a new large species of Phyllodytes which is herein described based on multiple evidence including morphological, acoustical and genetic data. Phyllodytes sp. nov. is one of the largest species within the genus and presents immaculate yellowish dorsum and limbs. The advertisement...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
Background Stoichiometric relations drive powerful constraints in several fundamental ecosystem processes. However, limited studies have been conducted on the ecological stoichiometry of plants after the change of community composition induced by Stellera chamaejasme removal in alpine grassland in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Methods We investigated the effects of S. chamaejasme removal on ecological stoichiometry by estimating the C:N:P stoichiometry in species, functional group and...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
The progressive degradation of freshwater ecosystems worldwide requires action to be taken for their conservation. Nowadays, protection strategies need to step beyond the traditional approach of managing protected areas as they have to deal with the protection or recovery of natural flow regimes disrupted by the effects of future climate conditions. Climate change affects the hydrosphere at catchment scale altering hydrological processes which in turn impact hydrodynamics at the river reach scale....
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
All mammals are characterized by the ability of females to produce milk. Marsupial (metatherian) and monotreme (prototherian) young are born in a highly altricial state and rely on their mother’s milk for the first part of their life. Here we review the role and importance of milk in marsupial and monotreme development. Milk is the primary source of sustenance for young marsupials and monotremes and its composition varies at different stages of development. We applied nutritional geometry techniques...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
Background People with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (CPMS) have limited options in medical treatment. Enhancing physical activity (PA) might promote neuroregeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) and positively influence disability, thus providing an alternative to medical treatment. Previous studies indicate that evidence-based patient information (EBPI) is essential for inducing behavioral change, e.g. enhancing PA. Objective To investigate feasibility of a smartphone app providing...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
Background SPANX family members are thought to play an important role in cancer progression. The SPANXN2 is a gene expressed mainly in normal testis, but its role in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) has yet to be investigated. TGCT is one of the most common solid tumors in young men and is associated with poor prognosis; however, effective prognostic indicators remain elusive. Therefore, we investigated the role of SPANXN2 in TGCT development. ...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
Background Incidence of childhood high blood pressure (BP) is increasing worldwide. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between changes in body composition (i.e. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage body fat) and selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and BP) among adolescents from the Tlokwe municipality in the North West Province of South Africa. Method One hundred...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) provides a long-term retrospective measure of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity, and is increasingly used to assess the life history, health and ecology of wild mammals. Given that sex, age, season and pregnancy influence HCC, and that it may indicate ongoing stress, we examined HCC in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) naturally inhabiting a hot and dry semi-desert like habitat, Caatinga, in northeastern Brazil. We trapped, measured, weighed, marked...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
The limited capacity of visual working memory (vWM) necessitates the efficient allocation of available resources by prioritizing relevant over irrelevant items. Retro-cues, which inform about the future relevance of items after encoding has already finished, can improve the quality of memory representations of the relevant items. A candidate mechanism of this retro-cueing benefit is lateralization of neural oscillations in the alpha-band, but its precise role is still debated. The relative decrease...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
Joint encounter (JE) models estimate demographic rates using live recapture and dead recovery data. The extent to which limited recapture or recovery data can hinder estimation in JE models is not completely understood. Yet limited data are common in ecological research. We designed a series of simulations using Bayesian multistate JE models that spanned a large range of potential recapture probabilities (0.01–0.90) and two reported mortality probabilities (0.10, 0.19). We calculated bias by comparing...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
The main objective of the present article is twofold: first, to model the fatality curves of the COVID-19 disease, as represented by the cumulative number of deaths as a function of time; and second, to use the corresponding mathematical model to study the effectiveness of possible intervention strategies. We applied the Richards growth model (RGM) to the COVID-19 fatality curves from several countries, where we used the data from the Johns Hopkins University database up to May 8, 2020. Countries...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
Background Quantifying lower-limb load and asymmetry during team sport match-play may be important for injury prevention and understanding performance. However, current analysis methods of lower-limb symmetry during match-play employ wearable microtechnology that may not be best suited to the task. A popular microtechnology is global positioning systems (GPS), which are torso worn. The torso location, and the summary workload measures calculated by GPS are not suited to the calculation...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 03:00
Related Articles "Aggressive cranial Osteoblastoma of the parietotemporooccipital bone: a case report and review of literature with a special emphasis on recurrence/residue". World Neurosurg. 2020 Jun 19;: Authors: Sharma R, Mahajan S, Gupta D Abstract Osteoblastoma is a rare nonfibroblastic osteoid tissue forming primary bony tumor usually arising in the medullary cavity /diploic space of any bone. Calvarium is an extremely rare site of its...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 15:08
Related Articles Management of cN0 Low grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas of salivary glands: prospective multicenter study of 152 cases of the French Network of Rare Head and Neck Tumors (REFCOR). Clin Otolaryngol. 2020 Jun 22;: Authors: Saloner Dahan L, Giorgi R, Garrel R, Le Taillandier de Gabory L, Costes-Martineau V, Herman P, Poissonnet G, Mauvais O, Malard O, Vergez S, Uro-Coste E, Barry B, Bach C, Chevalier D, Mouawad F, Merol JC, Bastit V, Thariat J, Gilain...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 15:08
Related Articles Breast Cancer Metastases to the Paranasal Sinuses Mimicking Inflammatory Sinus Disease. J Craniofac Surg. 2020 Jun 15;: Authors: Harb JL, Shah AT, O'Leary MA, Rebeiz EE Abstract INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Metastatic disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. It frequently metastasizes to bone, lungs, regional lymph nodes, liver and brain. Metastasis to the orbit and paranasal...
Tue Jun 23, 2020 15:08
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