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Wednesday, September 13, 2017

Caloric Restriction Promotes Structural and Metabolic Changes in the Skin

Publication date: 12 September 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 20, Issue 11
Author(s): Maria Fernanda Forni, Julia Peloggia, Tárcio T. Braga, Jesús Eduardo Ortega Chinchilla, Jorge Shinohara, Carlos Arturo Navas, Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara, Alicia J. Kowaltowski
Caloric restriction (CR) is the most effective intervention known to enhance lifespan, but its effect on the skin is poorly understood. Here, we show that CR mice display fur coat remodeling associated with an expansion of the hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) pool. We also find that the dermal adipocyte depot (dWAT) is underdeveloped in CR animals. The dermal/vennule annulus vasculature is enlarged, and a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) switch and metabolic reprogramming in both the dermis and the epidermis are observed. When the fur coat is removed, CR mice display increased energy expenditure associated with lean weight loss and locomotion impairment. Our findings indicate that CR promotes extensive skin and fur remodeling. These changes are necessary for thermal homeostasis and metabolic fitness under conditions of limited energy intake, suggesting a potential adaptive mechanism.

Graphical abstract

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Teaser

Caloric restriction significantly increases the lifespan, but its effect on the skin is poorly understood. Forni et al. show that caloric restriction changes the structure and metabolism of the skin; these changes affect whole-body thermoregulation.


from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2w8qdVW

Set2 Methyltransferase Facilitates DNA Replication and Promotes Genotoxic Stress Responses through MBF-Dependent Transcription

Publication date: 12 September 2017
Source:Cell Reports, Volume 20, Issue 11
Author(s): Chen-Chun Pai, Anastasiya Kishkevich, Rachel S. Deegan, Andrea Keszthelyi, Lisa Folkes, Stephen E. Kearsey, Nagore De LeĂłn, Ignacio Soriano, Robertus Antonius Maria de Bruin, Antony M. Carr, Timothy C. Humphrey
Chromatin modification through histone H3 lysine 36 methylation by the SETD2 tumor suppressor plays a key role in maintaining genome stability. Here, we describe a role for Set2-dependent H3K36 methylation in facilitating DNA replication and the transcriptional responses to both replication stress and DNA damage through promoting MluI cell-cycle box (MCB) binding factor (MBF)-complex-dependent transcription in fission yeast. Set2 loss leads to reduced MBF-dependent ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) expression, reduced deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) synthesis, altered replication origin firing, and a checkpoint-dependent S-phase delay. Accordingly, prolonged S phase in the absence of Set2 is suppressed by increasing dNTP synthesis. Furthermore, H3K36 is di- and tri-methylated at these MBF gene promoters, and Set2 loss leads to reduced MBF binding and transcription in response to genotoxic stress. Together, these findings provide new insights into how H3K36 methylation facilitates DNA replication and promotes genotoxic stress responses in fission yeast.

Graphical abstract

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Teaser

Pai et al. find that the Set2 methyltransferase facilitates dNTP synthesis and DNA replication through promoting MBF-dependent transcription in fission yeast. Set2 loss results in reduced ribonucleotide reductase expression, reduced dNTP synthesis, altered replication origin firing, and checkpoint-dependent S-phase delay. These findings suggest how H3K36 methylation suppresses replication stress.


from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2w8uuJ7

Differential Diagnosis of Parotid Gland Tumors: Role of Shear Wave Elastography

Aim. To create a predictive score for the discrimination between benign and malignant parotid tumors using elastographic parameters and to compare its sensitivity and specificity with standard ultrasound. Methods. A total of 124 patients with parotid gland lesions for whom surgery was planned were examined using conventional ultrasound, Doppler examination, and shear wave elastography. Results of the examinations were compared with those ones of histology. Results. There were 96 benign and 28 malignant lesions in our cohort. Blurred tumor margin alone proved to be an excellent predictor of malignancy with the sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 97%. Enlarged cervical lymph nodes, tumor vascularisation, microcalcifications presence, homogeneous echogenicity, and bilateral occurrence also discriminated between benign and malignant tumors. However, their inclusion in a predictive model did not improve its performance. Elastographic parameters (the stiffness maxima and minima ratio being the best) also exhibited significant differences between benign and malignant tumors, but again, their inclusion did not significantly improve the predictive power of the blurred margin classifier. Conclusion. Even though elastography satisfactorily distinguishes benign from malignant lesions on its own, it hardly provides any additional value in evaluation of biological character of parotid gland tumors when used as an adjunct to regular ultrasound examination.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xZ7glb

Das kardiorenale Syndrom

Zusammenfassung

Kardiorenale Syndrome sind bei Intensivpatienten häufige Erkrankungen, die entscheidenden Einfluss auf den Krankheitsverlauf haben können. Herz und Niere beeinflussen sich im Rahmen des „organ crosstalk" in vielfältiger Art und Weise gegenseitig. Wir haben die aktuellen Publikationen zum Thema kardiorenale Syndrome und deren Therapie gesichtet und ausgewertet. Dem Volumenmanagement mit Schleifendiuretika im Sinne einer renalen Entstauungstherapie kommt eine SchlĂĽsselrolle bei der Therapie kardiorenaler Syndrome zu.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2f5YAps

Schlaganfall bei akutem Verschluss der A. basilaris

Zusammenfassung

Der akute Verschluss der A. basilaris ist eine seltene, sofern unbehandelt jedoch sehr schwer verlaufende neurovaskuläre Erkrankung mit hoher Mortalität. Die klinische Präsentation ist oft untypisch und die Diagnose verzögert. Aufgrund des schlechten Spontanverlaufs waren die rekanalisierenden Therapien oft aggressiver als bei VerschlĂĽssen der vorderen Zirkulation. Eine gesicherte evidenzbasierte Therapie gibt es bisher nicht, die wesentlichen groĂźen Registerstudien und Metaanalysen zeigten bisher keine klare Ăśberlegenheit der endovaskulären Therapie gegenĂĽber der reinen intravenösen Lysetherapie. Die aktuelle Ăśbersichtsarbeit soll die wesentlichen Aspekte der klinischen Diagnose, der radiologischen Diagnostik und der Therapie der Basilaristhrombose zusammenfassen.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2jmHMf7

Das Leben nach ARDS

Zusammenfassung

Nach einem ĂĽberlebten „acute respiratory distress syndrome" (ARDS) leiden Patienten oftmals unter physischen und psychischen Langzeitfolgen. Dabei ist die Lungenfunktion der Ăśberlebenden oft normal oder nur gering eingeschränkt, es besteht jedoch häufig eine Einschränkung der körperlichen Aktivität und Gehstrecke. Am auffälligsten ist jedoch die Vielzahl an depressiven Episoden, Angststörungen oder posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen. Die Rate an kognitiven Störungen bei ARDS-Ăśberlebenden beträgt 70–100 % bei Krankenhausentlassung, 46–80 % nach 1 Jahr und 20 % nach 5 Jahren, die Möglichkeit der Wiederaufnahme beruflicher Aktivität ist deutlich eingeschränkt. Aufgrund der vielfältigen Folgen mĂĽssen präventive Strategien entwickelt werden, um die hohe Prävalenz von persistierender körperlicher und psychischer Morbidität zu reduzieren. Neben einer konsequenten Prophylaxe und Therapie eines Delirs zeigen sich gĂĽnstige Effekte fĂĽr eine frĂĽhe und konsequente Mobilisierung und das FĂĽhren von IntensivtagebĂĽchern.



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2f5k3ia

Mitteilungen der DGIIN



from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2jmHK6Z

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