Light absorption by water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric fine particles in the central Tibetan Plateau

Abstract

Brown carbon (BrC) has recently received much attention because of its light absorption features. The chemical compositions, optical properties, and sources of fine aerosol at a high-elevation mountain observatory (4730 m a.s.l.) in the central Tibetan Plateau were measured between 31 May and 1 July 2015. A low flow-rate sampler was used to collect 24-h average fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) filter samples. Water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and light absorption by water-soluble BrC were determined for 26 filter samples. The mean (± 1σ) OC and WSOC concentrations were 0.76 ± 0.43 and 0.39 ± 0.15 μgC/m³, respectively, and the mean WSOC/OC mass ratio was 0.59 ± 0.22. The OC and WSOC concentrations were relatively higher (0.59–1.80 and 0.33–0.83 μgC/m³, respectively) during the pre-monsoon period (2–13 June) and were relatively lower (0.27–0.77 and 0.12–0.50 μgC/m³, respectively) during the monsoon period (14 June to 1 July), probably because of wet scavenging of aerosols during long-range transport and the presence of cleaner marine air masses during the monsoon period. The absorption spectra of PM_2.5 water extracts smoothly increase from visible range to ultraviolet range. The absorption Ångström exponent, which describes the wavelength dependence of water-soluble BrC, was 2.74–10.61 (mean 6.19 ± 1.70), and its value was similar in the pre-monsoon period (6.57 ± 0.56) to that in the monsoon period (5.91 ± 2.14). The water-soluble BrC mass absorption efficiency, 0.38 ± 0.16 m²/(g C), was much lower than those observed in most urban areas but similar to those in other remote sites. Absorption coefficient at 365 nm, typically used as a proxy for water-soluble BrC, correlated well with the WSOC concentration (R ²  = 0.57), K⁺ concentration (R ²  = 0.75), and organic aerosol biomass burning markers characterized by an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (C₂H₄O₂⁺ + C₃H₅O₂⁺, R ²  = 0.60). It can be inferred that biomass burning was an important source of water-soluble BrC in the study area combined with air mass back trajectory analysis using the NOAA HYSPLIT as well as MODIS data of fire dots and aerosol optical depths. The water-soluble BrC to BC light absorption (at 365 nm) coefficient ratios were 9–27%.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2tyZlZW

Environmental monitoring of water resources around a municipal landfill of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Abstract

In Brazil, landfills are commonly used as a method for the final disposal of waste that is compliant with the legislation. This technique, however, presents a risk to surface water and groundwater resources, owing to the leakage of metals, anions, and organic compounds. The geochemical monitoring of water resources is therefore extremely important, since the leachate can compromise the quality and use of surface water and groundwater close to landfills. In this paper, the results of analyses of metals, anions, ammonia, and physicochemical parameters were used to identify possible contamination of surface water and groundwater in a landfill area. A statistical multivariate approach was used. The values found for alkali metals, nitrate, and chloride indicate contamination in the regional groundwater and, moreover, surface waters also show variation when compared to the other background points, mainly for ammonia. Thus, the results of this study evidence the landfill leachate influence on the quality of groundwater and surface water in the study area.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2v2Gta4

Variation of preserving organic matter bound in interlayer of montmorillonite induced by microbial metabolic process

Abstract

This paper aimed to investigate the variation of preserving organic matter bound in the interlayer space of montmorillonite (Mt) induced by a microbe metabolic process. We selected Bacillus pumilus as the common soil native bacteria. The alteration of d ₀₀₁ value, functional group, and C,N organic matter contents caused by bacteria were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and elementary analyzer, respectively. XRD results showed that the d ₀₀₁ value of montmorillonite increased with the concentration decreasing and decreased with the culture time increasing after interacting with bacteria indicating the interlayer space of montmorillonite was connected with the organic matter. The findings of long-term interaction by resetting culture conditions implied that the montmorillonite buffered the organic matter when the nutrition was enough and released again when the nutrition was lacking. The results of the elementary analyzer declared the content of organic matter was according to the d ₀₀₁ value of montmorillonite and N organic matter which played a major impact. FTIR results confirmed that the Si-O stretching vibrations of Mt were affected by the functional group of organic matter. Our results showed that the montmorillonite under the influence of soil bacteria has a strong buffering capacity for preserving organic matter into the interlayer space in a short-term. It might provide critical implications for understanding the evolution process and the preservation of fertilization which was in the over-fertilization or less-fertilization conditions on farmland.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2vVNsOG

Anomalous Diffusion with an Irreversible Linear Reaction and Sorption-Desorption Process

We investigate the diffusion of two different species in a semi-infinite medium considering the presence of linear reaction terms. The dynamics for these species is governed by fractional diffusion equations. We also consider the presence of an adsorption-desorption boundary condition. The solutions for this system are found in terms of the function of Fox and by analyzing the behavior of the mean square displacement a rich class of diffusion processes is verified. In this sense, we show how the surface effects modify the bulk dynamics and promote an anomalous diffusion of system.

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2uwBEmy

Secukinumab improves scalp pain, itching, scaling, and quality of life in patients with moderate-to-severe scalp psoriasis.

Secukinumab improves scalp pain, itching, scaling, and quality of life in patients with moderate-to-severe scalp psoriasis.

J Dermatolog Treat. 2017 Jul 24;:1-19

Authors: Feldman SR, Green L, Kimball AB, Siu K, Zhao Y, Herrera V, Nyirady J, Alexis AF

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Scalp psoriasis adversely affects patients' lives and is often resistant to treatment however it has not been a major focus of a clinical study. This analysis assessed the effect of secukinumab on patient-reported outcomes (PRO) of scalp psoriasis.
METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study was conducted in 102 adult patients with moderate-to-severe scalp psoriasis. Patients were randomized 1:1 to secukinumab 300mg or placebo. Patients rated their scalp-related pain, itching, and scaling using a 0-10 numeric rating scale (higher scores indicate greater severity). Scalp dermatitis-related quality of life (QOL) was assessed at baseline and then every 4 weeks using the Scalpdex. Analysis of covariance models examined PRO effect up to 12 weeks.
RESULTS: Baseline scalp pain, itching, and scaling mean (SD) values were 3.1 (3.00), 6.7 (2.60), and 7.3 (2.02) and similar for both treatment groups. At week 12, patients treated with secukinumab reported greater reduction in scalp pain (-1.98 vs. 0.61), itching (-4.07 vs. -0.04), and scaling (-5.76 vs. -0.95) as well as greater improvements in Scalpdex total scores (-39.62 vs. -7.91) compared with placebo (all P<0.001).
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: Secukinumab in moderate-to-severe scalp psoriasis reduces scalp pain, itching, and scaling and improves patients' QOL.

PMID: 28737440 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2uVBTd3

Correlation of serum ANA and direct immunofluorescence studies in elderly Thai patients with red and white oral lesions.

Related Articles

Correlation of serum ANA and direct immunofluorescence studies in elderly Thai patients with red and white oral lesions.

J Oral Pathol Med. 2016 Nov;45(10):797-802

Authors: Thongprasom K, Prapinjumrune C, Kanjanabuch P, Youngnak-Piboonratanakit P, Preuksrisakul T

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the presence of serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA) profile and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) evaluation in elderly Thai patients with red and white oral lesions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with red and white oral lesions were divided into two groups: group I consisted of 10 cases not taking medications, while group II consisted of 12 cases taking medications, and 30 healthy subjects as a control group. Blood samples were used to determine the ANA profile. DIF was investigated in the lesion containing groups.
RESULTS: Serum ANA was found in six cases (60%) in group I, eight cases (66.7%) in group II, and 19 cases (63.3%) in the control group. There were no significant differences between group I and group II and the control group (P > 0.05). Serum ANA was most commonly found in patients taking hypolipidemics (80%), followed by antihypertensives (71.4%), NSAIDs (50%), hypoglycemics (50%), and others (66.7%). The anticytoplasmic staining frequency in group II was higher compared with group I and the control group. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were not found in any group.
CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with red and white oral lesions who were taking medications had a higher serum ANA frequency than group I and the control group.

PMID: 27062000 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from # All Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2v3mjwF

Journal de Pharmacie Clinique

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

JOURNAL DE PHARMACIE CLINIQUE Volume 36, numéro 2, 2017 Retour sur la journée annuelle des internes en pharmacie Cette 2è journée scientifique placée sous le thème de l'Économie de la santé : « Le prix du médicament en France : enjeux thérapeutiques contre enjeux économiques ? ».   › Retrouvez l'article paru dans le Journal de Pharmacie CliniqueN°2-2017.

SOMMAIRE : ÉDITORIAL >  L'importance du réseautage !  Aude Desnoyer, Aurélie Guérin, André Rieutord SYNTHÈSES >  Formation et opportunités de carrières en pharmacie hospitalière : le point de vue de futurs et de jeunes diplômés du DES de pharmacie  Chloé Duran, Laura di Trapani, Christel Hosselet, Marie Lenski, Evariste Delande, Delphine Heurté, Alexandre Drezet, Jérémie Zerbit, Emmanuel Cirot, Clément Delage >  Comment le pharmacien peut-il prendre l'initiative pour coopérer avec les services cliniques ?  Marc Frachette, Véronique Zardet >  Votre temps-réponse est-il assez rapide ? Mise en œuvre d'un projet lean en pharmacie hospitalière afin de réduire le temps de préparation des ordonnances  Lise Vaillancourt, Mimi Truong >  Évaluation des technologies de santé en milieu hospitalier : organisations possibles et exemples appliqués aux dispositifs médicaux  Nicolas Martelli >  Accompagnement pharmaceutique du patient obèse à l'officine : état des lieux territorial  Audrey Decottignies, Sophie Renet, Sophie Cavalier, Guillaume Pourcher, André Rieutord CONGRÈS 2e Journée scientifique des internes en pharmacie d'Île-de-France  Aurélie Chaigneau, Rémi Pieragostini, Marie Cabagnols, Clément Delage

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