The relationship between 3D dentofacial photogrammetry measurements and traditional cephalometric measurements.

The relationship between 3D dentofacial photogrammetry measurements and traditional cephalometric measurements.

Angle Orthod. 2018 Nov 05;:

Authors: Castillo JC, Gianneschi G, Azer D, Manosudprasit A, Haghi A, Bansal N, Allareddy V, Masoud MI

Abstract
OBJECTIVES:: To determine the relationship between traditional cephalometric measurements and corresponding nonradiographic three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry measurements.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:: This was a cross-sectional study of 20 orthodontic patients (10 male and 10 female) who received lateral cephalometric radiographs and 3D dentofacial photogrammetric records with each subject serving as his or her own control for a total sample size of 40 images (20 per method). A 3D analysis that resembled a traditional cephalometric analysis was established using the eyes and natural head orientation as substitutes for the cranial base. Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression plots were calculated to evaluate the relationship between the photogrammetry measurements and the cephalometric measurements.
RESULTS:: The ANB angle, mandibular plane angle, lower anterior face height, upper incisor angle to SN, upper incisor angle to NA, and all measurements of lower incisor position and inclination had strong positive Pearson correlation coefficients with the corresponding 3D photogrammetry measurements ( P < .004). Statistically significant regression plots demonstrated that cephalometric relationships between the jaws and incisor orientation can be predicted from corresponding 3D photogrammetry measurements.
CONCLUSIONS:: 3D photogrammetry measurements relating the jaws to each other and incisor orientation has a strong positive correlation with corresponding traditional cephalometric measurements and can serve as cephalometric predictors. Capturing the eyes using 3D photogrammetry can obviate the need to expose the cranial base and allow limiting the radiographic field to the area of interest.

PMID: 30394787 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Acoustic Comparison of Lower and Higher Belt Ranges in Professional Broadway Actresses

Publication date: Available online 5 November 2018

Source: Journal of Voice

Author(s): Amanda Flynn, Jared Trudeau, Aaron M. Johnson

Abstract

Purpose

Current research on the female belt voice has generally been limited to the range of C5, which is not representative of the current requirements on Broadway. Additionally, much belt research uses voice teachers or college students. The goal of this study was to acoustically examine both higher and lower belt ranges in 10 women who have performed belt roles on Broadway during the last decade.

Method

We analyzed the long-term average spectrum of the middle stable portion of three belted pitches, one from a lower, more traditional belt song and two from a higher, more contemporary belt song. The dB levels of the first three peaks in the long-term average spectrum corresponding to the first three harmonics were extracted and compared across tasks. Age, professional roles played on Broadway, and self-perceived belt strategy were obtained via interview to find potential unifying factors in resonance strategies.

Results

Overall, the dB level of the peaks closest to the second and third harmonics were higher than the peak close to the fundamental frequency. The difference between peaks was statistically greater in the lower belt compared to both higher belt tasks, indicating these singers relied more on a single harmonic in the lower belt range than the higher belt range. In the higher belt range, there was less variability between peaks. No patterns emerged between resonance strategies and demographic information.

Conclusions

Elite female belters use varying resonance strategies to create commercially viable belt sounds in different belt ranges.

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An assessment and comparison of nasolabial aesthetics in bilateral clefts using the anatomical subunit-based scale: a nasoalveolar moulding versus non-nasoalveolar moulding study

Publication date: Available online 6 November 2018

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): K. Bonanthaya, T. Nayak, S. Bitra, M. Rachwalski, P.N. Shetty

Abstract

Nasoalveolar moulding is a presurgical orthopaedic technique used to improve the outcomes of bilateral clefts. However, the lack of a validated scale tailored to bilateral clefts makes it difficult to quantify the merits of nasoalveolar moulding and compare it to other techniques. In this study, a recently published anatomical subunit scale was used to evaluate and compare the early effects of nasoalveolar moulding. Two groups of similarly treated bilateral cleft patients were included: one in which patients underwent presurgical nasoalveolar moulding and one in which they did not. The nasolabial aesthetics were evaluated on two-dimensional photographs at 6 months post cheiloplasty. Cupid's bow, vermilion symmetry, vermilion notching, premaxillary show at rest, scar aesthetics, columella height, columella height, and bialar width were all significantly better in the nasoalveolar moulding group. Using the new scale, it was found that nasolabial aesthetics at 6 months post cheiloplasty were significantly better in patients who had undergone nasoalveolar moulding in infancy.

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Experimental peri-implant mucositis around titanium and zirconia implants in comparison to a natural tooth: part 1—host-derived immunological parameters

Publication date: Available online 5 November 2018

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): Kim Clever, Karl Andreas Schlegel, Heinz Kniha, Georg Conrads, Lothar Rink, Ali Modabber, Frank Hölzle, Kristian Kniha

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess host-derived parameters around dental zirconia and titanium implants and natural teeth during the occurrence of mucositis. After 4 weeks of perfect oral hygiene, 16 clinically profiled patients were asked to refrain from oral hygiene for 2 weeks, resulting in experimental plaque accumulation. This was followed by 4 weeks of perfect oral hygiene to reverse the inflammation. Immunological samples were analyzed for interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Immunological parameters were measured each week, starting at week 4 (session 2) and ending at week 10 (session 8). There were significant differences in IL-6 between the groups (zirconia vs. tooth and titanium vs. tooth), with unfavourable values for the tooth unit (P < 0.05). After reinstitution of oral hygiene, there was a significant increase in TNF-α values for the tooth but not for the zirconia and titanium implants. There were significant differences in IL-1β between the groups (zirconia vs. titanium and titanium vs. tooth), with higher IL-1β levels around titanium implants (P < 0.05). The soft tissue around titanium implants developed a stronger inflammatory response to experimental plaque accumulation in terms of IL-1β values, whereas the teeth presented an increase in IL-6 and TNF-α values.

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Nueva generación de radiotrazadores para la biopsia del ganglio centinela: ¿qué es necesario para establecer nuevos paradigmas de imagen?

Publication date: Available online 5 November 2018

Source: Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular

Author(s): S. Vidal-Sicart, D.R. Vera, R.A. Valdés Olmos

Resumen

La biopsia del ganglio centinela (GC) es, en la actualidad, la técnica estándar para la estadificación regional de diversos tumores sólidos. La administración intersticial de un radiotrazador alrededor del tumor primario proporciona la posibilidad de obtener imágenes secuenciales con una gammacámara y visualizar el mapa linfático y los GC. Existe, sin embargo, una amplia variabilidad geográfica en estos radiotrazadores y, de este modo, los nanocoloides se utilizan mayoritariamente en Europa (con un intervalo de tamaño de partícula entre 15-100 nm), mientras que en Estados Unidos utiliza ampliamente el azufre coloidal (filtrado o no) marcado con ^99mTc (rango 20-1.000 nm). El nuevo radiotrazador ^99mTc-Tilmanocept, diseñado específicamente para la identificación de los GC, y recientemente introducido comercialmente en Estados Unidos y en Europa, parece tener la potencia para solucionar los inconvenientes descritos para los radiotrazadores convencionales utilizados hasta la fecha, transformando al mismo tiempo los paradigmas actuales de la imagen gammagráfica.

Tras definir los retos para la nueva generación de radiotrazadores, este artículo describe las propiedades del ^99mTc-Tilmanocept, su proceso de validación para la biopsia del GC y sus aplicaciones clínicas emergentes en diversas neoplasias malignas.

Abstract

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is now the standard of care for regional staging in several solid tumors. The interstitial administration of a radiotracer around the primary tumor provide the possibility to sequentially obtain images with a gamma camera and visualize lymphatic mapping and the SLN. There is, however, a large geographical variability in those radiotracers and nanocolloids ranging from 15-100 nm are most widely employed in Europe, while filtered and unfiltered ^99mTc-sulfur colloid (range 20-1000 nm) is usually used in the USA with different drawbacks in its use. The new radiotracer ^99mTc-Tilmanocept, designed specifically for the identification of SLNs and recently becoming commercially available in USA and Europe, appears to have the potency to overcome the shortcomings described for the conventional radiotracers used until now for SLN biopsy and at the same time to transform current imaging paradigms.

After delineating the challenges for the next generation of radiotracers, this paper discusses the properties of ^99mTc-Tilmanocept, its validation process for SLN biopsy and its emerging clinical applications in various malignancies.

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Decentralized temporal independent component analysis: Leveraging fMRI data in collaborative settings

Publication date: Available online 5 November 2018

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): Bradley T. Baker, Anees Abrol, Rogers F. Silva, Eswar Damaraju, Anand D. Sarwate, Vince D. Calhoun, Sergey M. Plis

Abstract

The field of neuroimaging has recently witnessed a strong shift towards data sharing; however, current collaborative research projects may be unable to leverage institutional architectures that collect and store data in local, centralized data centers. Additionally, though research groups are willing to grant access for collaborations, they often wish to maintain control of their data locally. These concerns may stem from research culture as well as privacy and accountability concerns. In order to leverage the potential of these aggregated larger data sets, we require tools that perform joint analyses without transmitting the data. Ideally, these tools would have similar performance and ease of use as their current centralized counterparts. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a new Algorithm, decentralized joint independent component analysis (djICA), which meets these technical requirements. djICA shares only intermediate statistics about the data, plausibly retaining privacy of the raw information to local sites, thus making it amenable to further privacy protections, for example via differential privacy. We validate our method on real functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and show that it enables collaborative large-scale temporal ICA of fMRI, a rich vein of analysis as of yet largely unexplored, and which can benefit from the larger-N studies enabled by a decentralized approach. We show that djICA is robust to different distributions of data over sites, and that the temporal components estimated with djICA show activations similar to the temporal functional modes analyzed in previous work, thus solidifying djICA as a new, decentralized method oriented toward the frontiers of temporal independent component analysis.

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Volitional limbic neuromodulation has a multifaceted clinical benefit in Fibromyalgia patients

Publication date: Available online 5 November 2018

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): Noam Goldway, Jacob Ablin, Omer Lubin, Yoav Zamir, Jackob Nimrod Keynan, Ayelet Or-Borichev, Marc Cavazza, Fred Charles, Nathan Intrator, Silviu Brill, Eti Ben-Simon, Haggai Sharon, Talma Hendler

Abstract

Volitional neural modulation using neurofeedback has been indicated as a potential treatment for chronic conditions that involve peripheral and central neural dysregulation. Here we utilized neurofeedback in patients suffering from Fibromyalgia - a chronic pain syndrome that involves sleep disturbance and emotion dysregulation. These ancillary symptoms, which have an amplification effect on pain, are known to be mediated by heightened limbic activity. In order to reliably probe limbic activity in a scalable manner fit for EEG-neurofeedback training, we utilized an Electrical Finger Print (EFP) model of amygdala-BOLD signal (termed Amyg-EFP), that has been successfully validated in our lab in the context of volitional neuromodulation.

We anticipated that Amyg-EFP-neurofeedback training aimed at limbic down modulation should improve chronic pain in patients suffering from Fibromyalgia, by balancing disturbed indices for sleep and affect. We further expected that improved clinical status would correspond to successful training as indicated by improved down modulation of the Amygdala-EFP signal.

Thirty-Four Fibromyalgia patients (31F; age 35.6 ± 11.82) participated in a randomized placebo-controlled trial with biweekly Amyg-EFP-neurofeedback sessions and placebo of sham neurofeedback (n = 9) for a total duration of five consecutive weeks. Following training, participants in the Real-neurofeedback group were divided into good (n = 13) or poor (n = 12) modulators according to their success in the neurofeedback training. Before and after treatment, self-reports on pain, depression, anxiety, fatigue and sleep quality were obtained, as well as objective sleep Indices. Long-term clinical follow-up was made available, within up to three years of the neurofeedback training completion.

REM latency and objective sleep quality index were robustly improved following the treatment course only in the Real-neurofeedback group (both time × group p < 0.05) and to a greater extent among good modulators (both time*sub-group p < 0.05). In contrast, self-report measures did not reveal a treatment-specific response at the end of the treatment. However, the follow-up assessment revealed a delayed improvement in chronic pain and subjective sleep experience, evident only in the Real-neurofeedback group (both time × group p < 0.05). Moderation analysis showed that the enduring clinical effects on pain evident in the follow-up assessment were predicted by the immediate improvements following training in objective sleep and subjective affect measures.

Our findings suggest that Amyg-EFP- neurofeedback that specifically targets limbic activity down modulation offers a successful principled approach for volitional EEG based neuromodulation training in Fibromyalgia patients. Importantly, it seems that via its immediate sleep improving effect, the neurofeedback training induced a delayed reduction in the target subjective symptom of chronic pain, far and beyond the immediate placebo effect. This indirect approach to chronic pain management reflects the necessary link between somatic and affective dysregulation that can be successfully targeted using neurofeedback.

Graphical abstract

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