Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,

Validation of the olfactory disorders questionnaire for English‐speaking patients with olfactory disorders...

Validation of the olfactory disorders questionnaire for English‐speaking patients with olfactory disordersLorna Langstaff  Nisha Pradhan  Allan Clark  Duncan Boak  Mahmoud Salam  Thomas Hummel  Carl M. PhilpottFirst published: 30 April 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13351Read the full textePDFPDFTOOLS SHAREAbstractObjectivesTo adapt the existing German language olfactory disorders questionnaire for use with English‐speaking patients. To validate the adapted version for routine clinical use.DesignThe...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

1m

CT and clinical prognostic factors in Bell's palsy: a study of 56 cases Rémi Hervochon  Vincent Madelain ...

CT and clinical prognostic factors in Bell's palsy: a study of 56 casesRémi Hervochon  Vincent Madelain  Ian Seiller  Ghizlene Lahlou  Yann Nguyen  Frédéric TankéréFirst published: 20 June 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13392This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

1m

Responsiveness of acoustic rhinometry to septorhinoplasty by comparison to rhinomanometry and subjective...

Responsiveness of acoustic rhinometry to septorhinoplasty by comparison to rhinomanometry and subjective instrumentsEdward Ansari  Florence Rogister  Philippe Lefebvre  Sophie Tombu  Anne‐Lise PoirrierFirst published: 20 June 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13394This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

2m

Large parapharyngeal tumours: Operative technique and Case Series of 17 patients Andrew Williamson ...

Large parapharyngeal tumours: Operative technique and Case Series of 17 patientsAndrew Williamson  Liam Sutton  Jagdeep Virk  Peter ClarkeFirst published: 20 June 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13393This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/coa.13393ePDFPDFTOOLS...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

2m

Polydioxanone (PDS) Sheet as a Rigid Framework in Skull‐Base Repair: Our experience in Thirteen patients...

Polydioxanone (PDS) Sheet as a Rigid Framework in Skull‐Base Repair: Our experience in Thirteen patientsMohd Afiq Mohd Slim  Hussain Jasem  Louise Melia  Gerald McGarryFirst published: 19 June 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13391This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

2m

The investigation of hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase ‐1 levels as tumor marker in larynx cancer Hakkı...

The investigation of hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase ‐1 levels as tumor marker in larynx cancerHakkı Caner İnan  Murat Yener  Nur Buyru  Asuman Çelebi  Mehmet Yilmaz  Nil ÇomunoğluFirst published: 17 June 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13390Corresponding author:Hakkı Caner İNAN, MD,Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey. Phone number:+905442653430. hakkicanerinan@gmail.comThis article has been accepted for publication...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

3m

Post‐laryngectomy adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with pharyngocutaneous fistulae: Treatment regimens,...

Post‐laryngectomy adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with pharyngocutaneous fistulae: Treatment regimens, outcomes and complications in 67 patientsThomas Parzefall  Axel Wolf  Stefan Grasl  Gabriela Altorjai  Shelly Czeiger  Matthaeus Ch. Grasl  Boban M. ErovicFirst published: 02 May 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13353

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

3m

Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica: A rare dyschromic pigmentary disorder Kuldeep Verma, Reena Kumari Sharma,...

Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica: A rare dyschromic pigmentary disorderKuldeep Verma, Reena Kumari Sharma, Anchana Gulati, Mudita GuptaIndian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):45-47Primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) is the deposition of amyloid proteins in the skin without systemic involvement. Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica (ACD) is a rare variant of PCA with onset typically in early childhood or at a prepubertal age. It is more common in the Asian and Southeast Asian...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

6m

Solitary extradigital glomangioma with thrombus presenting as a painful nodule Indu Kumari, Swosti...

Solitary extradigital glomangioma with thrombus presenting as a painful noduleIndu Kumari, Swosti Mohanty, Uday S Khopkar, Priya CharakIndian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):39-41Glomangioma, currently termed as glomuvenous malformation, is a rare type of venous malformation (VM) with a rim of glomus cells around the dilated vessels. This glomus cell lesion is not usually as painful as solid glomus tumor. Rarely, thrombus may be seen in the vessels like other VMs....

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

6m

Early-onset epithelioid angiosarcoma: Diagnostic enigma, a rare case report Kanathur Shilpa, B Leelavathy,...

Early-onset epithelioid angiosarcoma: Diagnostic enigma, a rare case reportKanathur Shilpa, B Leelavathy, Divya Gorur, Dayanand BiligiIndian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):36-38Epithelioid angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare vascular tumor affecting more commonly men in their seventh decade. We are reporting a case of epithelioid AS affecting a male patient in his third decade. He presented with a well-defined ulcerated plaque with an elevated border on the scalp. Histopathology...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

6m

A clinicopathological study of facial granulomatous dermatoses: A hospital-based study Mahesh Mathur,...

A clinicopathological study of facial granulomatous dermatoses: A hospital-based studyMahesh Mathur, Alina Karki, Prakash Acharya, Ayush JhaIndian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):25-29Background: Granulomatous dermatoses of various types, etiologies, and clinical features frequently present with similar clinicopathological features which create a dilemma and diagnostic challenge for experts. Early diagnosis of facial lesions is of prime concern due to potential social...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

7m

Laryngeal synovial sarcoma: A rare location Nesrine Chraiet, Yosr Zenzri, Azza Gabsi, Amel Mezlini...

Laryngeal synovial sarcoma: A rare locationNesrine Chraiet, Yosr Zenzri, Azza Gabsi, Amel MezliniDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Salah Azaiez Institute Tunis, El Manar University, Tunis, TunisiaDate of Web Publication24-Jun-2019Correspondence Address:Prof. Nesrine ChraietDepartment of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Salah Azaiez Institute Tunis, Université El Manar, TunisTunisia  Abstract Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive malignant mesenchymal tumor....

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

7m

Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences

Moving toward elimination of hepatitis C in Libya: Shaping tomorrow togetherAbdel-Naser ElzoukiLibyan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019 3(2):35-36Overview of leukocyte leukemoid reactionBashir Abdrhman Bashir MohammedLibyan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019 3(2):37-37Efficacy and tolerability of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir on chronic hepatitis C virus patients attending viral hepatitis clinic at Benghazi medical center, LibyaAhmed B Elhaddad, Fatimah A Nouh, Ahmed Elhassi, Samira Taher, Emad DawLibyan Journal...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

8m

Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology

Histopathological approach to cutaneous lymphoid infiltrateUma Nahar Saikia, Manoj Gopal MadakshiraIndian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):1-13Cutaneous lymphoid infiltration is common histology seen in the day-to-day practice of dermatopathology. The reasons for this infiltration can range from a spontaneously remitting pseudolymphoma such as Jessner's infiltration to a sinister and aggressive cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma. Before analyzing the slide, the clinical perspective...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

9m

Dental

In vivo study on the release of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum from patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliancesDilip Daniel Quadras, U S Krishna Nayak, N Suchetha Kumari, HR Priyadarshini, Srinivasa Gowda, Bennete FernandesDental Research Journal 2019 16(4):209-215Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances can release metal ions such as nickel, chromium, and zinc into saliva and blood, which can cause contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity, and cytotoxicity. This study was undertaken...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

11m

In vivo study on the release of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum from patients treated...

In vivo study on the release of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum from patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliancesDilip Daniel Quadras, U S Krishna Nayak, N Suchetha Kumari, HR Priyadarshini, Srinivasa Gowda, Bennete FernandesDental Research Journal 2019 16(4):209-215Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances can release metal ions such as nickel, chromium, and zinc into saliva and blood, which can cause contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity, and cytotoxicity. This study was undertaken...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

11m

Orthopaedics

Sacral alar iliac fixation: An updatePradeep K Singh, Sohael Mohammed KhanJournal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):1-1General considerations about atlantoaxial dislocation managementEdgar CasajuanaJournal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):2-3Factors contributing to superior gluteal nerve injury during cephalomedullary nailing of femoral fracturesAhmed A Khalifa, Ahmed M Ahmed, Mohammed Khaled, Elsayed A SaidJournal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):4-7Operative...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

12m

Oral Health and Research

Gender and oral health in AfricaOM Etetafia, Clement C AzodoIndian Journal of Oral Health and Research 2019 5(1):1-5Oral health constitutes an important part of general health. Caries and periodontal disease are the most common dental diseases globally. In Africa, the challenges of cancrum oris, acute necrotizing gingivitis, oral cancer, oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS, and maxillofacial trauma are also common especially among the low-socioeconomic communities. Gender is one variable that contributes...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

14m

lncRNA H19 binds VGF and promotes pNEN progression via PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling in Endocrine-Related...

lncRNA H19 binds VGF and promotes pNEN progression via PI3K/AKT/CREB signalingin Endocrine-Related CancerAuthors: Meng Ji 1 , Yanli Yao 2 , 3 , Anan Liu 1 , Ligang Shi 1 , Danlei Chen 1 , Liang Tang 1 , Guang Yang 1 , Xing Liang 1 , Junfeng Peng 1 and Chenghao Shao 1View Less1 Department of General Surgery (Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery), Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China 2 Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Key Laboratory of Receptor...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

17m

DNA methylation in thyroid cancer in Endocrine-Related Cancer Authors: Carles Zafon 1 , 2 , Joan Gil...

DNA methylation in thyroid cancerin Endocrine-Related CancerAuthors: Carles Zafon 1 , 2 , Joan Gil 3 , Beatriz Pérez-González 3 and Mireia Jordà 2 , 3View Less1 Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit (VHIR) and Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 2 Consortium for the Study of Thyroid Cancer (CECaT), Catalonia, Spain 3 Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

17m

Host CYP27A1 expression is essential for ovarian cancer progression in Endocrine-Related Cancer Authors:...

Host CYP27A1 expression is essential for ovarian cancer progressionin Endocrine-Related CancerAuthors: Sisi He 1 , Liqian Ma 1 , Amy E Baek 1 , Anna Vardanyan 1 , Varsha Vembar 1 , Joy J Chen 1 , Adam T Nelson 1 , Joanna E Burdette 2 , 3 and Erik R Nelson 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6View Less1 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA 2 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago,...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

19m

Lobectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: indications and follow-up in Endocrine-Related...

Lobectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: indications and follow-upin Endocrine-Related CancerAuthors: Jae Hyun Park 1 and Jong Ho Yoon 1View Less0 Department of Surgery, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South KoreaCorrespondence should be addressed to J H Yoon: gsyoon@yonsei.ac.krDOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-19-0085Page(s): R381–R393Volume/Issue: Volume 26: Issue 7Article Type: Review ArticleOnline Publication Date: Jul 2019Copyright:...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

20m

Clock genes and cancer development in particular in endocrine tissues in Endocrine-Related Cancer Authors:...

Clock genes and cancer development in particular in endocrine tissuesin Endocrine-Related CancerAuthors: Anna Angelousi 1 , Eva Kassi 1 , 2 , Narjes Ansari-Nasiri 2 , Harpal Randeva 3 , Gregory Kaltsas 4 and George Chrousos 5View Less0 Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece 2 Warwickshire Institute...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

21m

Systems biology: perspectives on multiscale modeling in research on endocrine-related cancers in Endocrine-Related...

Systems biology: perspectives on multiscale modeling in research on endocrine-related cancersin Endocrine-Related CancerAuthors: Robert Clarke 1 , John J Tyson 2 , Ming Tan 3 , William T Baumann 4 , Lu Jin 1 , Jianhua Xuan 5 and Yue Wang 5View Less0 Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA 2 Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

21m

Androgen receptor enhancer usage and the chromatin regulatory landscape in human prostate cancers in...

Androgen receptor enhancer usage and the chromatin regulatory landscape in human prostate cancersin Endocrine-Related CancerAuthors: Suzan Stelloo 1 , Andries M Bergman 2 , 3 and Wilbert Zwart 1 , 4View Less0 Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1 Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2 Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3 Department...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

22m

Interplay between the androgen receptor signaling axis and microRNAs in prostate cancer in Endocrine-Related...

Interplay between the androgen receptor signaling axis and microRNAs in prostate cancerin Endocrine-Related CancerAuthors: Rayzel C Fernandes 1 , 2 , Theresa E Hickey 1 , Wayne D Tilley 1 , 2 and Luke A Selth 1 , 2View Less0 Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 1 Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

22m

Atypical parathyroid adenomas: challenging lesions in the differential diagnosis of endocrine tumors...

Atypical parathyroid adenomas: challenging lesions in the differential diagnosis of endocrine tumorsin Endocrine-Related CancerAuthors: Filomena Cetani 1 , Claudio Marcocci 2 , Liborio Torregrossa 3 and Elena Pardi 2View Less1 University Hospital of Pisa, Unit of Endocrinology, Pisa, Italy 2 Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 3 University Hospital of Pisa, Division of Surgical Pathology, Pisa, ItalyCorrespondence should be addressed...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

23m

Hazardous Materials

Influence of red mud on mechanical and durability performance of self-compacting concretePublication date: 5 November 2019Source: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 379Author(s): W.C. Tang, Z. Wang, S.W. Donne, M. Forghani, Y. LiuAbstractRed mud is a hazardous waste material produced during alkaline leaching of bauxite in the Bayer process. This study proposed the use of red mud to replace fly ash in self-compacting concrete (SCC) and the influences of red mud on fresh and hardened properties,...

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

5h

Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences

Moving toward elimination of hepatitis C in Libya: Shaping tomorrow together Abdel-Naser Elzouki Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019 3(2):35-36

Overview of leukocyte leukemoid reaction Bashir Abdrhman Bashir Mohammed Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019 3(2):37-37

Efficacy and tolerability of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir on chronic hepatitis C virus patients attending viral hepatitis clinic at Benghazi medical center, Libya Ahmed B Elhaddad, Fatimah A Nouh, Ahmed Elhassi, Samira Taher, Emad Daw Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019 3(2):38-41 Background: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Libya is 1.3%. It is considered now a curable disease due to the availability of effective DAAs which open a new horizon for HCV elimination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) (Harvoni) on patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Patients and Methods: The cohort comprises 266 HCV-infected patients followed from May 2016 to October 2017. The inclusion criteria were treatment experienced or naïve and 18 years or older. Cirrhotic patients included were Child–Pugh A and B whereas Child–Pugh C patients were excluded. All patients had been treated with LDV/SOF 90/400 mg. The primary endpoint was sustained virological response (SVR) at week 12 and significant adverse events. Results: Of 266 patients who participated in the study, it's found that 126 were males(47.3%) and 140 were female (52.7%). The average age of the patients was 45 years for both genders. Ninety percent of patients were Libyan. The predominate genotype was 4 (81.3. %), genotype 1 (15.3%), and genotype 2 (3.2%). One hundred and seventy-eight (66.9%) patients were treatment naïve and 88 (33.1%) patients were treatment experienced. Alanine aminotransferase elevated in 37% of patients at baseline. HCV RNA >5 log at the start of treatment was found in 67.2% of patients. Eighty-eight patients were cirrhotic. The adverse effects of the drug were reported in 38/266 (14.2%); the most commonly reported side effects were headache, gastrointestinal upset, and dizziness, whereas hepatic decompensation occurred in 5 patients and all were cirrhotic. Undetectable viremia at the end of treatment (week 12) was observed in 263 patients (98.5%) and 3 patients have been labeled as nonresponders. SVR at week 12 was available in 263 patients and achieved in 261 patients (98.1%), and only two relapsed. Conclusion: Excellent treatment outcomes among our cohort of HCV-infected patients were achieved with LDV/SOF. Testing for chronic HCV patients and availability of care will help in cure and a step toward eradication of HCV in near future.

Prevalence of hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients: Report from 37 hemodialysis centers in Libya Eman Gusbi, Islam Elzouki, Hafsa A Alemam, Majda Musa, Inas M Alhudiri, Nabil Enattah, Mokhtar Gusbi, Adam Elzagheid Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019 3(2):42-46 Background/Aims: Data on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Libya, and particularly among hemodialysis patients, are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HCV infection among hemodialysis patients at 37 dialysis centers in Libya and review the demographic features in this group of patients. Patients and Methods: The present cross-sectional study included a total of 2325 patients who had spent at least 3 months in hemodialysis at 37 dialysis centers in different cities across the three main regions of Libya (Western, Eastern, and Southern regions). There were 1028 (44.2%) female and 1297 (55.8%) male with mean age 53.4 ± 15 years. Hypertension (36.4%), diabetes mellitus (33.3%), renal diseases (10.9%), genetic diseases (7.5%), and unclear reasons (12%) were diverse underlying causes of end-stage renal disease in these patients. Anti-HCV antibody was screened by a third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: The overall seroprevalence of HCV infection among hemodialysis patients in Libya was 16.7% (388/2325), ranging from 0% to 26.3% at different centers. The overall frequency of anti-HCV antibodies was higher in Western region (18.9%) than Eastern (18.3%) and Southern (6.1%) regions of Libya. It is noteworthy that the prevalence of HCV was 0% in numbers of dialysis centers across the three regions. The duration of hemodialysis was significantly longer in HCV-positive hemodialysis patients than in HCV-negative patients (P = 0.01). Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 92 hemodialysis patients (4%), of them 8 patients (8.7%) had coinfection with HCV infection. Conclusion: The present study showed an intermediate-prevalence rate of HCV infection among hemodialysis patients in Libya. The relatively low prevalence of HCV infection in the general Libyan population and HCV infection associated with a longer duration of hemodialysis indicate nosocomial transmission due to inappropriate infection control practices as the main HCV route of infection in these health-care settings.

Regular use or on demand of inhaled corticosteroids for the management of asthma among Libyan patients in Tripoli Walid Tarsin, Hanin Abdulgader, Esra Eshmandi, Ishraq Elshamli, Yousef A Taher Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019 3(2):47-50 Background: A step-wise approach for the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in the management of bronchial asthma is recommended by all the medical guidelines. However, often, ICS are used intermittently by patients and/or recommended by physicians to be used during the onset of exacerbations. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate whether Libyan asthmatic patients are using ICS regularly or on demand and their outcomes. Methods: The present study was conducted in Tripoli city, along a period of 10 months, May 2013–February 2014. Three hundred patients of either sex recruited from different areas of Tripoli City, diagnosed with asthma and received treatment at Tripoli Medical Center and Abouseta Hospital were participated in this study. Results: The mean age of patients (±standard deviation) was 51 years (±29.1). Our results showed that 156 patients (52%) used ICS regularly (male: 35% and female: 65%), whereas 48% (144 patients) used ICS only during attack (male: 35% and female: 65%). Of the total participants, 61% of patients stated that they had asthmatic exacerbation symptoms within 1 month after discontinued ICS use (male: 32% and female: 68%). Furthermore, 39% of patients reported that they experienced the first exacerbation of symptom after 30 days of ceased ICS use (male: 38% and female: 62%). Exposure to cold, contact with dust, and inhaler misuse were the most common reported causes of exacerbations, respectively by 71% (212 patients), 12% (37 patients), and 5% (15 patients). Conclusion: The present findings demonstrate that, practically, half of the Libyan asthmatic patients, living in Tripoli city, are using ICS on demand and few of them had experienced asthma exacerbations after ICS pause use. Hence, in order to reduce the long-term exposure to ICS and patients' cost, our present study suggests, in contrast to international standards of asthma care, the use of ICS just during attack as a new potential treatment option.

Infection prevention and control practices among health-care workers in tuberculosis clinics in Ondo State, Nigeria Wasiu Olalekan Adebimpe, Waheed Folayan, Abdulwahab Adewale Shittu, Maryam Abisola Adebimpe, Demilade Ibirongbe Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019 3(2):51-56 Background: Healthcare-acquired infections are significant causes of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients worldwide, most especially in resource-limited settings. Similarly, the tuberculosis (TB) clinic is a high-risk area due to the nature of the clients being managed, and the infectivity of the implicated microorganism. TB infection control is an essential, but often-overlooked, component of a comprehensive infection control program in developing countries like Nigeria. The knowledge and attitude of the relevant health workers would be a determinant of their preventive practice toward preparedness and infection prevention and control (IPC) Objectives: The study assessed IPC practices among health-care workers in TB Clinic, in Ondo State, Nigeria. Methodology: A descriptive crosssectional study was carried out among 400 healthcare workers in selected TB clinics in Ondo State Nigeria, and these were selected using the multistage sampling method. Research instruments used were semi-structured self-administered pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 23.0. Mean scores were generated for the major outcome variables of knowledge, attitude, and practice of IPC. The P value was assumed significant at values ≤0.05 for all inferential statistics. Results: Mean age of respondents was 34 years ± 8.1 years, majority (83%) of the health-care workers had good knowledge of IPC, another majority (80%) of the health-care workers interviewed had good attitude toward IPC, 314 (78.5%) have read the guideline, while 68% of the health-care workers had good practice. Year of experience, type of facility, and facility settings were statistically significantly associated with respondents' knowledge, attitude, and practice of IPC (P < 0.05). On binary logistic regression, having working experience of >1 year, and working in a TB facility were significant predictors of good knowledge, attitude, and practice of IPC. Conclusion: There are huge gaps between knowledge and practice of IPC among respondents in this study. Since TB clinics are major sources of cross infection within the hospital setting, stakeholders have significant roles to play in IPC in the health-care setting.

Screening of probable neuropathic pain in patients with diabetes in Derna, Libya Raga A Elzahaf, Oasma A Tashani Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019 3(2):57-60 Background: Neuropathic pain (NeP) is one of the most frequent complications of diabetes. There is a need to obtain data about the prevalence of NeP among patients with diabetes in Libya to plan appropriate national pain management strategies. Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of NeP in patients with diabetes and to determine the demographic factors associated with NeP. Methods: The linguistically validated Arabic version of the Self-completed Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) questionnaire was used to screen for probable NeP. Patients with diabetes were asked to fill the questionnaire while in the diabetic center from May 2015 to October 2015. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale. Results: A total of 418 patients (mean ± standard deviation [SD] of age = 56.8 ± 11.8 years) participated in this study with more women (n = 248, 59.3%) taking part than men (n = 170, 40.7%). The overall prevalence of probable NeP among patients with diabetes in this sample, classified as S-LANSS positive with a score of ≥12, was estimated to be 28.5% (95% confidence interval = 24.3%–32.9%). The proportion of females in participants with NeP was 33.5%. The mean pain intensity ± SD was 5.67 ± 2.96. No statistically significant difference was found between different age groups with regard to the presence of NeP. Conclusion: NeP is a common complication associated with diabetes in Derna, Libya. There is a need to improve the assessment and management of NeP in this population.

Life-threatening adverse reaction to a commonly used drug (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome) Mohamed Khalid A. Shariff, Gamal Bashir Alfitori, Mohamed Soliman, Mohamed Ben Gashir, Abdel-Naser Y Elzouki Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019 3(2):61-65 Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is one of the severe cutaneous adverse reactions with a mortality of 10% and is characterized by hematological abnormalities and organ involvement. Many drugs have been implicated in DRESS, and most often, it is related to aromatic anticonvulsants. We hereby report a case of DRESS syndrome precipitated due to allopurinol, the diagnostic challenge it presented, and the successful treatment with corticosteroids.

Laryngeal synovial sarcoma: A rare location Nesrine Chraiet, Yosr Zenzri, Azza Gabsi, Amel Mezlini Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019 3(2):66-67 Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive malignant mesenchymal tumor. Its incidence in oto-rhino-laryngeal location is very rare. A multidisciplinary management is recommended. We report the case of a 37-year-old male with synovial sarcoma of the larynx. We analyze the clinical, morphological, and therapeutic characteristics of this neoplasia through this observation.

Acute meningitis complicated by transverse myelitis: A rare complication Ijaz Kamal, Bushra Minhas, Rania Mohamed Elhassan Eltahir, Abdel-Naser Elzouki Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019 3(2):68-70 Acute meningitis can be complicated by intracranial complications commonly and rarely by spinal cord dysfunction. The causes of spinal cord dysfunction are cord compression, ischemic infarction of the cord, and acute myelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cord is the choice of investigation which not only helps to rule out any compressive lesion but will also confirm the diagnosis of myelitis. The usual findings of myelitis on MRI spine are the hyperintensities in T2-weighted images that predominantly involve the gray matter and usually extend from the cervical to the lumbar cord. Usually, patients are left with some residual deficits including spasticity, weakness, walking difficulties, and bowel–bladder dysfunction. We report a case of acute meningitis which was complicated by acute transverse myelitis.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology

Histopathological approach to cutaneous lymphoid infiltrate Uma Nahar Saikia, Manoj Gopal Madakshira Indian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):1-13 Cutaneous lymphoid infiltration is common histology seen in the day-to-day practice of dermatopathology. The reasons for this infiltration can range from a spontaneously remitting pseudolymphoma such as Jessner's infiltration to a sinister and aggressive cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma. Before analyzing the slide, the clinical perspective needs to be borne in mind as a diagnosis can never be made in isolation, especially in dermatopathology. In this article, we discuss in brief the various common cutaneous lymphoid infiltrative entities encountered in routine practice, discuss the differentiating features, and suggest an algorithmic approach to arrive at the possible diagnosis.

"Interface" Dermatoses: Revisited Sasi Kiran Attili Indian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):14-24 “Interface dermatoses” are defined as inflammatory dermatoses primarily affecting the interface elements along the dermoepidermal junction, resulting in epidermal basal cell damage. This epidermal basal cell damage can be of two forms: vacuolar/hydropic degeneration and filamentous degeneration (resulting in Civatte bodies). This may be associated with a range of secondary epidermal (atrophy to hypertrophy) and dermal changes (varying from simple effacement of the rete ridges to the diffuse dermal fibrosis/sclerosis). With so many variables, “Interface dermatitis” per se is not a diagnosis by itself but simply a reaction pattern, similar to “psoriasiform dermatitis” or “spongiotic dermatitis.” One should never use these terms as the final sign out diagnosis in reports, though in difficult cases one may allude to the reaction pattern and discuss the possible differentials. This article analyzes and discusses in detail, the basic pathogenesis behind the primary/secondary features associated with interface dermatoses and the steps involved in their histopathological evaluation; thorough knowledge of which may help one arrive at a specific diagnosis.

A clinicopathological study of facial granulomatous dermatoses: A hospital-based study Mahesh Mathur, Alina Karki, Prakash Acharya, Ayush Jha Indian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):25-29 Background: Granulomatous dermatoses of various types, etiologies, and clinical features frequently present with similar clinicopathological features which create a dilemma and diagnostic challenge for experts. Early diagnosis of facial lesions is of prime concern due to potential social stigma and psychological stress because of cosmetic disfigurement. Objective: To study the epidemiological and clinicopathological features of various granulomatous facial skin lesions and their concordance rate. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, hospital-based study was carried out at the Department of Dermatology, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, over a period of 5 years (January 2013–January 2018). All clinically suspected cases of facial granulomatous dermatoses were included, their clinical and histological findings were recorded and analyzed according to the standard protocol, and a clinicopathological correlation was ascertained. Results: Among 850 skin biopsies performed during the study, 30 cases were clinically suspected as facial granulomatous dermatoses. There was female predominance (n = 22, 73.33%), and the mean age of patients was 41.7 years. Majority of cases (n = 29, 96.66%) were of infectious origin with leprosy as predominant cause (n = 25, 83.33%), followed by cutaneous tuberculosis (n = 4, 13.33%). Histologically, epithelioid cell granulomas (n = 26, 86.67%) and histiocytic granuloma (n = 3, 10%) were observed. Fite Faraco stain was positive in 6 (20%) cases of leprosy. An overall concordance rate of 80% was observed in facial granulomatous dermatoses in our study. Conclusion: In our study, infectious etiology is the most common cause of facial granulomatous dermatoses. Among infections, leprosy is the most common.

Evaluation of the relation between T-Lymphocytes (CD4 + ve and CD8 + ve) and pemphigus vulgaris pathogenesis and severity Samia Mohamed El-Said Abd El-Naby, Maha Mohamed Amin, Manar Ali Hassan Ali, Mohammad A Gaballah Indian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):30-35 Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune bullous disease involving both the skin and mucus membranes. Infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes may have a vital role in its pathogenesis. The autoimmune bullous skin disorder intensity score (ABSIS) was proposed for clinical evaluation and scoring of PV patients. Aims and Objectives: This work aimed to assess the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of PV and the correlation between number of T-lymphocytes infiltrate and clinical severity of the disease evaluated by ABSIS. Patients and Methods: Forty PV patients (patient group) and 10 healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled. All patients were scored by ABSIS. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on skin biopsies for IgG, IgA, CD8, and CD4. Results: IgG was positive in 97.5% of patients, combined IgG and IgA were positive in 20% of patients, and only one case was negative for both antibodies. Thirty-three cases showed the predominance of CD4+ T cells, and seven cases showed predominance of CD8+ T cells. CD4/CD8 ratio was 2.578. Non-significant positive correlation was found between the total count of lymphocytic infiltrate and ABSIS. Conclusion: CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes share in the pathogenesis of PV and CD4+ are more expressed than CD8+ in the inflammatory infiltrate of PV lesions. The correlation between total lymphocytic count and ABSIS score may help to predict the clinical state of the patient from skin biopsy, and ABSIS score can predict the lymphocytic infiltration in PV cases. This correlation is in need to be reapplied on larger scales of patients to confirm its validity and reliability.

Early-onset epithelioid angiosarcoma: Diagnostic enigma, a rare case report Kanathur Shilpa, B Leelavathy, Divya Gorur, Dayanand Biligi Indian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):36-38 Epithelioid angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare vascular tumor affecting more commonly men in their seventh decade. We are reporting a case of epithelioid AS affecting a male patient in his third decade. He presented with a well-defined ulcerated plaque with an elevated border on the scalp. Histopathology showed sheets of epithelioid cells infiltrating the dermis, formation of slit-like vascular spaces, and cellular atypia. Immunohistochemistry showed positive CD31, D2-40, and FLI-1 and negative cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. With these findings, a diagnosis of epithelioid AS was made. This case highlights the rare occurrence of this condition in younger age group.

Solitary extradigital glomangioma with thrombus presenting as a painful nodule Indu Kumari, Swosti Mohanty, Uday S Khopkar, Priya Charak Indian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):39-41 Glomangioma, currently termed as glomuvenous malformation, is a rare type of venous malformation (VM) with a rim of glomus cells around the dilated vessels. This glomus cell lesion is not usually as painful as solid glomus tumor. Rarely, thrombus may be seen in the vessels like other VMs. A male with adult-onset extradigital glomangioma presented with a painful nodule with thrombus seen on histopathology. The thrombus was responsible for the tenderness of the lesion, and its presence confirms it to be a malformation than a tumor.

A curious case of vanishing pigmented spots resembling lentigines Meenakshi Batrani, Arshdeep , Asha Kubba, M Ramam Indian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):42-44 Exogenous pigmentation due to arthropods or coloring agents/dyes may be mistaken for melanocytic lesions. Dermoscopy is a useful tool for the evaluation of pigmented lesions. We discuss the dermoscopic and histopathological features in a case of pigmented spots mimicking lentigines caused by burrowing bug and review the pertinent literature on exogenous pigmentation.

Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica: A rare dyschromic pigmentary disorder Kuldeep Verma, Reena Kumari Sharma, Anchana Gulati, Mudita Gupta Indian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):45-47 Primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) is the deposition of amyloid proteins in the skin without systemic involvement. Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica (ACD) is a rare variant of PCA with onset typically in early childhood or at a prepubertal age. It is more common in the Asian and Southeast Asian people. Clinically it manifests as asymptomatic diffuse hyperpigmentation interspersed with hypopigmented spots without papulation. Histologically, small foci of amyloid closely under the epidermis are seen. There are only few case reports in the literature of this rarer variant. We report a case of a 32-year-old male presenting as dyschromatosis with a prepubertal onset and histopathological evidence of intradermal deposits in the upper dermis which was confirmed on Congo red staining and hence was diagnosed as a case of ACD.

Disseminated subcutaneous granuloma annulare in adult Bhavana Ravindra Doshi, Vijaya V Sajjan, BS Manjunathswamy Indian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):48-50 Granuloma annulare (GA) is a common benign inflammatory dermatosis of unknown cause. The subcutaneous form of GA also known as pseudorheumatoid nodule is a relatively uncommon entity, more so in the adult age. We came across a middle-aged female with multiple or disseminated lesions of subcutaneous GA located at an unusual location such as the volar aspect of palms beside the relatively common sites such as elbow and forearm.

Generalized unilateral porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus along the lines of blaschko: A rare entit Abhishek Kumar Gupta, Ankita Agrawal, Kinjal Rambhiya, Meena Makhecha Indian Journal of Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Dermatology 2019 6(1):51-52

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Dental

In vivo study on the release of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum from patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances Dilip Daniel Quadras, U S Krishna Nayak, N Suchetha Kumari, HR Priyadarshini, Srinivasa Gowda, Bennete Fernandes Dental Research Journal 2019 16(4):209-215 Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances can release metal ions such as nickel, chromium, and zinc into saliva and blood, which can cause contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity, and cytotoxicity. This study was undertaken to assess the release of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: This in vivo study was conducted on 80 participants with an age range of 15–40 years. Thirty were included as controls and 50 participants were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Saliva and blood samples were collected at five different periods, before insertion of fixed orthodontic appliance and at 1 week, 3 months, 1 year, and 1.5 years after insertion of appliance, respectively. The metal ion content in the samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean levels of nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum were compared between groups using independent sample t-test and before and after results using paired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: At the end of 1.5 years, the mean salivary levels of nickel, chromium, and zinc in controls were 5.02 ppb, 1.27 ppb, and 10.24 ppb, respectively, as compared to 67 ppb, 30.8 ppb, and 164.7 ppb at the end of 1.5 years. This was statistically significant with P < 0.001. A significant increase in the metal ion levels were seen in participants with before and after insertion of appliance (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Orthodontic appliances do release considerable amounts of metal ions such as nickel, chromium, and zinc in saliva and serum. However, it was within permissible levels and did not reach toxic levels.

Evaluation of sealing abilitiy of mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with propylene glycol as a root canal sealer: A in vitro study Amin Salem Milani, Solmaz Firuzi, Mohammad Hosein Soroush Barhaghi, Shariar Shahi, Amir Ardalan Abdollahi Dental Research Journal 2019 16(4):216-220 Background: Sealing ability is one of the most important features of endodontic sealers. The main goal of the present study was to compare sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-propylene glycol (PG) with two commonly used resin-based and MTA-based sealers. Materials and Methods: In This in vitro study Seventy extracted single-root teeth were used. Canal preparation was carried out using hand and RaCe rotary files. Ten teeth were used as control. The root canals in positive and negative control groups were left empty. Remaining 60 teeth were randomly divided into following four groups (n = 15): In Group 1, the canals were dried using paper cones and obturated using MTA-PG sealer. In Group 2, saline was removed from canal using a syring, but paper cones were not used. Obturation was done using MTA-PG sealer. In Groups 3 and 4, the canals were dried using paper cones and obturated with AH26 and MTA Fillapex, respectively. Two-chamber method was used to evaluate bacterial leakage using Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Turbidity of the lower chambers was checked every day during 90 days. Chi-square, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and logrank tests were used to compare groups regarding leaked samples at the end of the study. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference among groups regarding rate of leakage throughout the study. However, at the end of the study, the groups were statistically different regarding leaked samples (P = 0.034). MTA Fillapex and MTA-PG in dry canal showed the most and least leaked samples at the end of the study, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: MTA mixed with PG has superior sealing ability than MTA Fillapex.

Comparative evaluation of two caries detection systems for detecting the prevalence of early childhood caries: A cross-sectional study Mayura Tonpe, Raju Umaji Patil, Anagha Kadam, Payal Bayad, Vittaldas Shetty, Vineet Vinay Dental Research Journal 2019 16(4):221-224 Background: The early diagnosis of dental caries is very crucial to prevent tooth loss, which leads to serious consequences in preschool children. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic outcome by the World Health Organization (WHO) and WHO and early carious lesions (ECLs) (i.e., WHO + ECL) criteria for assessing early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted among 3–5 year old children (n = 358). Clinical examination was conducted using WHO and WHO + ECL criteria. The data were assessed using paired “t” test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was statistically significant difference between the mean decayed, missing, or filled teeth recorded by the WHO + ECL and WHO (P < 0.05) method. Conclusion: It was concluded that WHO + ECL criteria were significant and more precise in assessing the presence of ECL in preschool children.

Three-dimensional measurement of tooth inclination: A longitudinal study Mahtab Nouri, Sahar Khaje Hosseini, Sohrab Asefi, Amir Hossein Abdi, Alireza Akbarzadeh Bagheban Dental Research Journal 2019 16(4):225-232 Background: New tools have been introduced for tooth inclination measurement and assessment of its changes over time. This study aimed to measure the change in inclination of teeth after the periods of 2 and 4 years in adolescents with normal occlusion using three-dimensional (3D) software. Materials and Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study was conducted on 54 pairs of dental casts of 24 adolescents between 9 and 13 years of age with normal occlusion. The inclination of teeth was determined by 3D measurements using OrthoAid software. After scanning the casts via stereophotogrammetric scanner, the mean and standard deviation of inclination of teeth were calculated at three time points. Change in these values was calculated after 2 and 4 years. The effect of sex, duration of follow-up, and the jaw (maxilla/mandible) on change of inclination was analyzed using the Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Incisor teeth torque was positive in the maxilla (9.72 ± 8) and mandible (4.22 ± 6.09), but it was negative for the canine (–7.73 ± 6.3 for maxilla and –9.9 ± 5.22 for mandible), premolar (–10.35 ± 6.84 for maxilla and –26.51 ± 9.94 for mandible), and molar teeth (–13.23 ± 6.22 for maxilla and –39.78 ± 9.5 for mandible) in both jaws. Maxillary lateral incisor in boys showed the greatest change of inclination in both 2 and 4 years (about 7°) and the mandibular canine tooth in girls showed the least change of inclination in 4 years (4°). Conclusion: Sex significantly affected the changes in the inclination of teeth throughout the period of study. The variation of changes in torque was considerable, and no consistent pattern was defined.

Shear bond strength of ceramic and metal brackets bonded to enamel using color-change adhesive Mohadeseh Delavarian, Farshad Rahimi, Ramin Mohammadi, Mohammad Moslem Imani Dental Research Journal 2019 16(4):233-238 Background: This study aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic and metal brackets bonded to the enamel using Grengloo color-change adhesive and Transbond XT conventional composite. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 120 extracted human premolars were divided into four groups: (1) Grengloo with metal brackets, (2) Grengloo with ceramic brackets, (3) Transbond XT with metal brackets, and (4) Transbond XT with ceramic brackets. After bracket bonding, the teeth were subjected to 500 thermal cycles and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The SBS was measured and the data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores. was statistically significant (P < 0.001) Results: The effect of type of bracket (metal/ceramic) on SBS was not statistically significant (P = 0.368). However, the effect of type of composite on SBS was statistically significant (P < 0.001) and the SBS of Grengloo was higher than that of Transbond XT. No significant difference was found in ARI scores among the groups. Conclusion: Regarding the high SBS and the safe region of bond failure in Grengloo composite, this color-change adhesive can be a suitable alternative in cases that require high bond strength. Furthermore, the color contrast of Grengloo can make composite removal easier than Transbond XT with color match of composite and teeth.

Comparison of shear bond strength and enamel surface changing between the two-step etching and primer and self-etch primer methods in rebonding of orthodontic brackets: An in vitro study Shiva Alavi, Ailin Ehteshami Dental Research Journal 2019 16(4):239-244 Background: The aim of this study was to compare shear bond strength (SBS) and enamel surface changing of two methods of bonding in rebonding of orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 30 human premolars were randomly classified into three equal groups. Two bonding systems were applied. At first bonding, Group 1 and 2 were bonded by conventional etching and primer technique (CEP) and Group 3 by self-etching primer (SEP). Thermocycling for 5000 cycles was done. Then, 30 brackets were debonded and SBS and Adhesive remnant index (ARI) were evaluated. One sample was selected from each group, for SEM, 30 new brackets were used for rebonding. Group 1 was bonded by CEP method and Group 2 and 3 were bonded by SEP method. Thermocycling, SBS, ARI, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were done in the same protocol of the first bonding. One-way ANOVA, two-sample t-test, and Mann–Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean SBS values were not significantly different between the three groups in the first bonding and rebonding stages (P = 0.22 and 0.24). Further, there was no significant difference between the first bonding and rebonding in SBS values of Groups 1, 2 and 3 (P = 0.44, P = 0.60, and P = 0.56). SEM examination showed obvious differences in the enamel surface between CEP and SEP samples in both first bonding and rebonding. Conclusion: With regard to the advantages of SEP methods, it seems this method can be properly used for rebonding of orthodontic brackets.

Bleaching during orthodontic treatment and its effect on bracket bond strength Ahmadreza Sardarian, Behnam Malekpour, Ali Roshan, Shahla Momeni Danaei Dental Research Journal 2019 16(4):245-250 Background: This study investigated the effect of two different methods of bleaching during orthodontic treatment on bracket bond strength. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 extracted premolar teeth were selected in this experimental study and divided into three groups (office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide, home bleaching with 22% carbamide peroxide, and control). The color of the teeth was assessed initially before the application of bleaching agents and Thermocycling. Orthodontic brackets were subsequently bonded on the treated surfaces. Bleaching procedures were then performed. A final color measurement was performed at two points on the buccal surface both underneath and adjacent to the bracket base. The initial and final color measurements and the bond strengths were compared between the groups using the analysis of variance. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Bracket bond strength was significantly reduced in both bleaching groups compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The color difference before and after the bleaching procedures was significant in the office bleaching group (P < 0.01), while the control group did not demonstrate a statistical difference between initial and final color assessments (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Bleaching procedures performed during orthodontic treatment reduce bond strength. Enamel beneath the bracket base experiences a whitening effect though to a lesser degree compared with an uncovered surface.

Does residual bone thickness apical to periodontal defect play a major role in maxillary sinus mucous membrane thickness?: A cone-beam computed tomography-assisted retrospective study Vijay Apparaju, Sai Charitha Velamati, Lasya Karnati, Amir Salahshoor, Fatemeh Nateghi, Sunil Kumar Vaddamanu Dental Research Journal 2019 16(4):251-256 Background: The mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus is very sensitive to foreign bodies and infections. Any triggering may lead to mucous membrane thickening (MMT). Residual bone thickness (RBT) is the remaining bone apical to the periodontal defect until the floor of the maxillary sinus acts as a barrier for the periodontal infections to reach the sinus. The aim of our current study was to evaluate the minimal RBT to prevent periodontal infection to reach Schneiderian membrane using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 144 maxillary sinus exposure records of 100 patients were collected retrospectively. Patients with minimum one sinus exposure were considered. MMT and RBT were calculated with the CBCT assistance. Statistical analysis was done using Mann–Whitney U-test , Kruskal–Wallis and Chi-square test. (P < 0.05) was considered as statistically significant. Results: Significant difference (P < 0.001) was observed in MMT among three RBT groups. Significantly, higher mean MMT was observed with <2 mm and 2–4 mm RBT groups. The prevalence of MMT with >4 mm group is less (7%) compared to <2 mm group and 2–4 mm RBT groups (91.2% and 90.2%, respectively). Furthermore, there is no significant difference in MMT between angular and furcation defects (P = 0.890). Conclusion: Probability of MMT was increased if RBT is <4 mm. Early detection and prompt periodontal treatments associated with regenerative procedures can be instituted wherever possible to improve RBT and to reduce MMT. Further, microbiological studies are required to confirm the analysis.

Comparison of self-adhering flowable composite microleakage with several types of bonding agent in class V cavity restoration Atefeh Yousefi Jordehi, Maryam Shakur Shahabi, Alireza Akbari Dental Research Journal 2019 16(4):257-263 Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the marginal seal of self-adhering flowable composite resin with three universal bonding systems using the self-etch technique in Cl V cavities at enamel and dentin margins. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, Cl V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of forty premolars, with the occlusal margin of each cavity on enamel and gingival margin on dentin. The teeth were divided into four groups (n = 10) in terms of the adhesive used; Group 1: Vertise Flow (VF) self-adhering composite resin, Group 2: Clearfil S3 Bond Universal (CS3BU), Group 3: G-Premio Bond (GPB), Group 4: Single Bond Universal (SBU). In Groups 2, 3, and 4, Z350 flowable composite resin was used to restore the cavities. After thermocycling, the samples were immersed in 10% methylene blue for 24 h and evaluated under a stereomicroscope after buccolingual sectioning; microleakage at enamel and dentin margins was recorded. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used for statistical analyses. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.5. Results: Vertis Flow self-adhering composite resin exhibited significantly higher microleakage at enamel and dentin margins compared to SBU and CS3BU; however, it had significantly less microleakage at enamel margin compared to GPB (P < 0.05). At the enamel and dentin margins, the minimum microleakage values were recorded at SBU and CS3BU margins, respectively. GPB exhibited the highest microleakage values among the groups evaluated and in all the groups, microleakage at dentin and enamel margins was significantly different (P < 0.05) except for SBU group. Conclusion: The marginal sealing ability of self-adhering flowable composite resin at enamel and dentin margins was poor compared to the majority of bonding agents evaluated.

Effect of bleaching protocols on surface roughness and biofilm formation on silorane-based composite resin Mahmoud Bahari, Mohammad Esmaeel Ebrahimi Chaharom, Mehdi Daneshpooy, Sarah Gholizadeh, Hamed Pashayi Dental Research Journal 2019 16(4):264-270 Background: Knowledge about the effect of bleaching on behavior of composite resins is important to find a suitable composite resin for restoration of teeth undergoing bleaching. This study aimed to assess the effect of different bleaching protocols on surface roughness and biofilm formation on a silorane-based composite resin. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 60 silorane-based composite resin samples measuring 3 mm in thickness and 6 mm in diameter were fabricated and polished. They were then randomly divided into four groups (n = 15). In Group 1, samples were stored in distilled water as control. Samples in Groups 2, 3, and 4 were subjected to bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide, 35% hydrogen peroxide, and 35% hydrogen peroxide activated by light, respectively. Surface roughness was measured using a profilometer. Streptococcus mutans cultured in brain-heart infusion broth was used for the assessment of biofilm formation on the samples. The bacterial colonies were counted using the pure-plate technique. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's tests. Regression model was used to assess the association between surface roughness and biofilm formation (P < 0.05). Results: The mean surface roughness of the four groups was not significantly different (P = 0.11); however, a significant difference was noted in the mean biofilm formation among the groups (P = 0.00). Conclusion: Bleaching decreased biofilm formation. The lowest biofilm formation was noted in the group subjected to light-activated 35% hydrogen peroxide. Increased surface roughness enhanced biofilm formation to a certain level; excessive roughness did not increase biofilm formation.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Orthopaedics

Sacral alar iliac fixation: An update Pradeep K Singh, Sohael Mohammed Khan Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):1-1

General considerations about atlantoaxial dislocation management Edgar Casajuana Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):2-3

Factors contributing to superior gluteal nerve injury during cephalomedullary nailing of femoral fractures Ahmed A Khalifa, Ahmed M Ahmed, Mohammed Khaled, Elsayed A Said Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):4-7 Operative treatment of femoral fractures using intramedullary nailing is considered as the gold standard technique; despite safety and minimal invasiveness, it is prone to some complications, of these is the persistent abductor lurch even after complete fracture healing. In this review, we are discussing the possible factors which may endanger the superior gluteal nerve during cephalomedullary nailing of the femur.

Rating visualization in shoulder arthroscopy: A comparison of the visual analog scale versus a novel shoulder arthroscopy grading scale Vince W Lands, Daniel M Avery, Ajith Malige, Jill Stoltzfus, Brett W Gibson, Gregory F Carolan Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):8-11 PURPOSE: To assess the interobserver reliability and intraobserver variability of the visual analog scale (VAS) for visualization in shoulder arthroscopy and compare it to a less variable, more objective novel grading scale, the shoulder arthroscopy grading scale (SAGS). METHODS: Twenty separate 30-s length video clips were created from a library of shoulder arthroscopies. Video clips were randomized and distributed to six sports medicine fellowship-trained surgeons at two time points with a 1-month interval. Each rated visualization according to an adapted VAS and a novel grading scale, the SAGS. RESULTS: The VAS and SAGS both showed an excellent degree of consistency with interobserver reliability among raters with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. Five of six raters demonstrated strong intraobserver variability with the VAS and SAGS with ICC ranging from 0.87 to 0.97 and 0.61 to 0.93, respectively. CONCLUSION: Given the strong-to-excellent degree of consistency in using the VAS and the SAGS, either can be reliably used as a measurement of visualization in shoulder arthroscopy.

Computed tomography scan morphometric study of adolescent vertebral laminae: From three-dimensional reconstruction to laminar hook Elie Haddad, Cyrielle Soulaine, Bruno Dohin Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):12-16 INTRODUCTION: The authors report a descriptive analysis of spine computed tomography (CT) scan to describe the anatomy of the laminae of T2 and T3 vertebrae. The aim of the study was to establish reference data in the adolescent population. These data could be useful to improve the effectiveness of laminar hooks. Hook-claw anchorage has been considered as one of the best choices in terms of safety and durability in the spine surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically reviewed CT scans of 14–16-year-old healthy individuals who underwent CT scans in other indications than scoliosis during a 2-year period. Patients with spine, chest, or bone disease were excluded. The Risser sign was ≥ 2. CT scan data were converted into a three-dimensional reconstruction. RESULTS: Seven hundred and fifty measures were collected from 30 CT scans matching with the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The mean age was 15-years old. Gender was mixed. Mean T2 lamina's upper half height was 8.9 mm (8.2–9.6) corresponding to a thickness of 7.1 mm (6.6–7.7). Mean T3 lamina's lower half height was 9.0 mm (6.9–10.4) corresponding to a thickness of 7.3 mm (6.8 à 7.9). DISCUSSION: No previous study reported these data in adolescents. Laminae in adolescents appeared to be slightly oversized in this study relative to the previous reports in adults. It seems that the intracanal part length of the hook and depth of the gorge should be adapted in order to improve fitting of the implant with laminae. CONCLUSION: This study brings new data in the knowledge of anatomical characteristics of the vertebras that should help to improve safety and stability of implants as laminar hook and hook claw.

A clinico-epidemiological study on trauma cases attending a tertiary care hospital in North India Ajay Bharti, Kriti Mohan, Raj Kumar Singh, Indu Narain Vajpai, Tanu Midha, Ashutosh Diwedi Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):17-21 OBJECTIVES: Injuries are the leading cause of death in the first four decades of life and the third leading cause of death among all patients. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) is the most common cause of injury in India with varied reports of mortality ranging from 7% to 45%. There are several scoring systems to evaluate the severity of injury and predict mortality. However, the reliability of injury score as a mortality predictor is challenging. The purpose of this study was to assess the cause of trauma with its epidemiological correlates and to categorize patients of trauma using the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) with their comparison in terms of mortality prediction in the present scenario of trauma in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2015 and March 2017, 5122 injured patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this prospective longitudinal study. Data of the patients were recorded as per the working pro forma; detailed description of injury, treatment given, ISS and NISS, and ultimate outcome (mortality occurring within 30 days) was documented at the time of arrival/admission and stay at the hospital. Patients were divided into the score groups of 0–8, 9–15, 16–25, 26–49, and ≥50. The patients who were discharged or referred to a higher center were also followed up to 30 days of admission and any mortality occurring was recorded. RESULTS: Totally 5122 patients were enrolled in the study, and injuries, NISS/ISS, and outcome as mortality were documented. The overall mortality was 525 (10.25%). RTA constituted 61.56% and mortality was two times higher than that in female. Patients arriving after 24 h had the highest mortality (16.22%) and time lag had a significant effect on outcome. Sensitivity and specificity of NISS/ISS in predicting mortality was 85.5%, 63% and 61.7%, 68.3%, respectively, and the sensitivity of NISS in predicting mortality is higher than ISS whereas the specificity of NISS is similar to ISS. CONCLUSION: The major cause of trauma in India is RTA and time lag has a significant effect on the prognosis of the patient, and NISS is a better scale and should be incorporated in management protocols and TRISS methodology.

Study of functional outcome of displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum treated with open reduction, bone grafting, and plate fixation Nikhil Dilip Palange, GS Prasannakumar, Nadir Shah, Eknath Pawar Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):22-27 BACKGROUND: Calcaneal fractures are one of the most difficult and challenging fractures to treat by the orthopedic surgeon. Most of these fractures (i.e., almost 75%) are intra-articular. Furthermore, majority of these fractures are highly comminuted. Hence, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with anatomical plate gives the best possible opportunity to bring about near-anatomical joint surface reduction and prevention of subsequent arthritis. This article studies the functional outcome after ORIF of such fractures. METHODS: Thirty patients, having intra-articular displaced calcaneum fractures, were admitted and included in the study after obtaining valid consent and permission from the ethical committee. All the patients were investigated with X-ray and computed tomography scan and classified according to the Sanders classification system. The functional outcome after surgery was measured using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. RESULTS: All patients had joint depression-type fractures with a similar history of trauma due to fall from height. Out of the 30 patients, 26 were male and 4 were female. After surgery, 20 patients out of 30 had good results with a mean AOFAS score of 82.6, 7 patients had fair results with a mean AOFAS score of 70.4, while the remaining 3 patients had poor results with a mean score of 50. Postoperatively, wound complications were seen in 2 patients which settled after debridement and medications. No other complication was encountered. CONCLUSION: Open reduction and rigid internal fixation of calcaneum fractures allows anatomical reduction of fracture, restoration of joint surface, and prevention of subtalar joint arthritis and helps in early mobilization after surgery.

Osteofibrous dysplasia mimicking exostosis Priyank Sahoo, Afroz Ahmed Khan Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):28-30 Osteofibrous dysplasia is an uncommon benign fibro-osseous lesion of childhood, more often seen in maxilla and mandible. Among a long bone, it is usually encountered in the tibia as a painless swelling or anterior bowing. Osteofibrous dysplasia mimicking exostoses has never been reported in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. Here, we would like to present an unusual case of osteofibrous dysplasia of the tibia clinically mimicking exostoses.

Tuberculosis presenting as a scaphoid fracture: A rare case report Ganesh Singh Dharmshaktu, Tanuja Pangtey Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):31-33 Tuberculosis of the wrist is an uncommon clinical entity and mostly presents as insidious pain and swelling. Presentation of singular carpal bone involvement is rare as the presenting feature. A case of scaphoid fracture was evaluated in a 20-year-old male patient, and underlying tuberculosis was diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging and culture of joint fluid. Antitubercular therapy under appropriate supervision resulted in clinical improvement and optimal regain of function. No reactivation of the disease was noted in a follow-up of 2 years. This case highlights a rare presentation of tuberculosis presenting with a fracture of scaphoid.

Extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced carpal tunnel syndrome presented with rice body Mikaeil Tafkiki Alamdari, Ali Tabrizi, Ahmadreza Afshar Journal of Orthopaedics and Allied Sciences 2019 7(1):34-36 Skeletal involvements are less likely in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), and it is even rarer in the hand. Flexor tenosynovitis from M. tuberculosis concomitant with median nerve involvement has been rarely reported, and it usually presents with symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In this report, we introduced a patient with symptoms of CTS with rice body in the volar wrist synovium membrane and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Rice bodies were presented in synovium and histological study indicated the inflammatory granulomatous with necrosis caseous. Surgical debridement with excision of the involved synovium and irrigation was performed. Twelve-month treatment with anti-TB medication regimen was successful.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com

Oral Health and Research

Gender and oral health in Africa OM Etetafia, Clement C Azodo Indian Journal of Oral Health and Research 2019 5(1):1-5 Oral health constitutes an important part of general health. Caries and periodontal disease are the most common dental diseases globally. In Africa, the challenges of cancrum oris, acute necrotizing gingivitis, oral cancer, oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS, and maxillofacial trauma are also common especially among the low-socioeconomic communities. Gender is one variable that contributes to oral health status globally. Other variables include race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, attitude to dentistry, level of education, and cultural values. There is an interplay between these variables and they can increase or diminish the effect gender has on oral health. Gender-based health inequities are apparent in early childhood and even in adulthood. Many families provide better nutrition for boys in the interest of maximizing future productivity given that boys are generally seen as breadwinners. The unfortunate practice of son preference, which occurs worldwide in different levels of severity, often leads young girls being neglected and therefore more likely to develop poor oral health, which is then left untreated. Good oral health has been associated with positive oral health beliefs and stability of beliefs. Women tend to have better and more stable oral health beliefs. This may contribute largely to why women have better oral health in modern society. Gender influence on oral health status is appreciable especially in an economically challenged region of Africa. For optimum oral health, efforts should be geared toward appropriate health care reforms, education of female children, elimination of gender discrimination, and implementation of oral health policies.

Microscopic evaluation of the effect of low-level laser therapy on platelet-rich fibrin: A light microscopic histological study Anurag Bhatnagar, Mallanagouda B Patil, Shobha Prakash Indian Journal of Oral Health and Research 2019 5(1):6-10 Background: This study evaluated and compared the concentration of platelets/leukocytes, fibrin matrix, and its distribution in nonlaser-treated platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and laser-treated PRF. Recently, PRF has been used for regeneration of soft and hard tissue, in periodontics and oral surgery. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used for many therapeutic purpose of tissue healing. The use of PRF treated with LLLT has shown to enhance better healing potential. Materials and Methods: In this study, we have selected five healthy controls and collected 10 ml of blood from them. All blood samples were centrifuged, and from each blood sample, two PRF clots were formed. A total of ten samples obtained were divided into two groups. Each group had five samples. One group was without LLL treatment (Group I) and other was treated with LLL (Group II). All the ten samples were processed for light microscopic examination. Results: In both the groups, the PRF membrane showed a similar macroscopic structure and microscopic distribution. In the buffy coat region, the concentration of platelets–leukocyte aggregate was little higher in Group I. In Group II, the distribution pattern of fibrin clot was slightly different with that of Group I. Conclusion: The Choukroun's PRF concept leads to specific clot architecture with platelets and fibrin meshwork, especially in the buffy coat region. Changes in the PRF components with LLLT may have an affect the healing and regenerative of soft and hard tissues.

Sound levels in conservative dentistry and endodontics clinic Sumita Bhagwat, Pradnya Hirlekar, Leena Padhye Indian Journal of Oral Health and Research 2019 5(1):11-16 Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sound levels generated in dental clinics of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. Materials and Methods: A decibel-meter with digital readout was used to measure sound levels at different intervals at chairside and center of preclinical laboratory and undergraduate and postgraduate clinics. At chairside, recordings were made with the meter held near the operator's ear when only suction was being used, with the slow speed micromotor handpiece and while suction was used alongside the air rotor handpiece. The recordings at the center of the clinic were made with at least five operators working. Minimum and maximum readings during a 3 min interval were recorded. Results: The tabulated readings were statistically analysed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD comparison test. Conclusion: The authors concluded that the mean sound levels in the working clinics ranged from 54 dB[A] to 83.3 dB[A]. These were within the recommended range for dental equipment. With suction and high speed handpiece combination, the Postgraduate clinic was significantly noisier than the Undergraduate clinic at several time periods. Sound level measurements reported here raise some concerns for dentists' hearing health. The use of suction with and without accompanying handpiece use can produce noise sufficient to damage the user's hearing.

Taste function and salivary analysis in patients with oral sensorial complaints Neelima Gupta, Rachana Rai, Seema Garg, HC Taneja, MS Bhatia, Lakshmi Vaid Indian Journal of Oral Health and Research 2019 5(1):17-22 Background: Taste dysfunction is a troublesome condition which causes subjective discomfort, impairs appetite, and leads to decrease in food intake. Patients often present to otorhinolaryngologists with a complaint of burning sensation in the mouth and associated taste dysfunction. We sought to study the taste dysfunction and do salivary analysis in these patients because studies reporting objective evidence of taste dysfunction in patients with such oral sensorial complaints (OSCs) are scarce. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients with OSCs and taste disturbances; and 35 healthy controls with no oral complaints and no taste disturbances were studied. Objective taste score was calculated using impregnated filter paper strips. Whole unstimulated salivary flow, salivary ions estimation (Na+ and K+), and psychometric profile assessment using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale questionnaire were done. Results: The mean taste score in the OSC group was 20.80 ± 2.753, and in controls, it was 28.11 ± 2.564, showing a statistically significant difference. About 54% of the cases had decreased taste function. The whole unstimulated salivary flow rate (mL/min) in cases was 0.58 ± 0.10, and in controls, it was 0.78 ± 0.73; difference being statistically not significant (P = 0.066). Salivary ions showed higher levels in cases. The psychometric profile showed a higher rate of depression and stress in cases and a higher oral health impact score. Conclusion: We concluded that there is objective evidence of taste aberration in patients with OSCs. The subjective grading of reported taste dysfunction did not correlate with the objective taste scores, and there was an increased incidence of depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with OSCs and taste dysfunction.

Management of maxillary first molar with six canals Pritesh Kisanlal Agrawal Indian Journal of Oral Health and Research 2019 5(1):23-25 Thorough cleaning and achieving a complete three dimensional seal of the root canal system is essential for success of endodontic treatment. Maxillary first molar is the tooth with most complex root canal morphology. Usually, it has three roots with three or four root canals. This case report presents a case of maxillary first molar with an unusual anatomy of having six root canals. This case was managed successfully with the help of dental operating microscope.

Tackling mandibular prognathism with evidence-based surgical orthodontics: A paradigm shift Vivek P Soni, Akhil A Patil, Mikisha K Shetty, Vibha R Bhatia Indian Journal of Oral Health and Research 2019 5(1):26-31 The esthetic outcome of orthognathic surgery has always been of utmost importance to patient as well as the surgeon. With innovations in orthognathic surgical procedures, the addition of soft tissue prediction is a boon to orthodontists and oral surgeons together. The evolution in treatment planning from mere radiographic–cephalometric tracings to simulated surgeries has been a tremendous and path-breaking journey for the field. Three-dimensional printing, soft tissue analysis, splint fabrication, stereolithographic models, rapid prototyping, and various such adjuncts have thereon revolutionized surgical procedures and treatment predictions.

Lichen planus pigmentosus: A report of two cases Hena Shaw, Aravinda Konidena, Abhilash Malhotra, Nishant Kumar Indian Journal of Oral Health and Research 2019 5(1):32-35 Lichen planus pigmentosus is a condition characterized by persistent and asymptomatic slaty-gray pigmentation, predominantly in the face. Two patients, aged 11-year-old female and 35-year-old male, reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with burning sensation on taking spicy foods. On examination, only extensive symmetric brownish-black pigmentation of the buccal mucosa was observed bilaterally. The workup and management of these cases are presented along with the relevant review of literature.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182

6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com