ESNR—the next 50 years

from Imaging via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AYBPfj

Identification of inflammatory response patterns in experimental gingivitis studies

We used novel analytical approaches to identify inflammatory response patterns to plaque accumulation in experimental gingivitis studies in humans. Data from two experimental gingivitis studies [Dataset I (n = 40) and Dataset II (n = 42)], which differed in design and recording methods, were used. Both studies comprised a three‐phase program as follows: pre‐induction period (oral hygiene as usual for Dataset I; professional tooth cleaning for Dataset II); induction period (plaque accumulation); and resolution period (oral hygiene as usual). Clinical recordings of plaque and gingival inflammation were made on days 0, 4, 9, and 14 for Dataset I and on days −14, 0, 7, 21, and 35 for Dataset II. Group‐based‐trajectory and growth curve modeling were used for data analysis. In Dataset I, gingival response to plaque accumulation was found to be lagged in time. Different group‐based response patterns for gingival inflammation were not identified. However, in Dataset II, 'fast' and 'slow' gingival inflammation responders were identified. 'Slow' responders had lagged inflammation responses, whereas 'fast' responders seemed to respond immediately to plaque. The findings show that analytical approaches which consider the data structure allow investigation of the dynamics of the relationship between plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and facilitate the identification of differential patterns of gingival inflammation development.

from OroFacial via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2qCJOsf

Effect of methacrylated chitosan incorporated in experimental composite and adhesive on mechanical properties and biofilm formation

The lifespan of a resin‐based restoration is limited, with the main reason for failure being secondary caries. Biofilm formation at the tooth–material interface is a necessary etiological agent for caries development. Dental materials with antimicrobial properties may reduce formation of biofilm and thus increase the longevity of restorations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of methacrylated chitosan (CH‐MA), incorporated into the polymeric network of an experimental dental composite and adhesive, on biofilm growth of Streptococcus mutans and to assess the mechanical properties of the modified materials. The methacrylation of low‐molecular‐weight chitosan was achieved and biofilm studies confirmed the antibacterial effect of the modified polymer in solution. Methacrylated chitosan was incorporated into an experimental composite and adhesive, and the modified materials reduced the formation of S. mutans biofilm. The incorporation of CH‐MA did not alter the bond strength of the adhesives. However, the amount of CH‐MA in composite that is required to elicit an antibacterial response challenges the mechanical properties of the material. The hardness and flexural strength of the composite decreased with increasing amounts of CH‐MA. However, flexural strength values still met the requirement in the ISO standard.

from OroFacial via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2FgD1Pj

A Multimethod Analysis of Pragmatic Skills in Children and Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Down Syndrome

Purpose

Pragmatic language skills are often impaired above and beyond general language delays in individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities. This study used a multimethod approach to language sample analysis to characterize syndrome- and sex-specific profiles across different neurodevelopmental disabilities and to examine the congruency of 2 analysis techniques.

Method

Pragmatic skills of young males and females with fragile X syndrome with autism spectrum disorder (FXS-ASD, n = 61) and without autism spectrum disorder (FXS-O, n = 40), Down syndrome (DS, n = 42), and typical development (TD, n = 37) and males with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder only (ASD-O, n = 29) were compared using variables obtained from a detailed hand-coding system contrasted with similar variables obtained automatically from the language analysis program Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT).

Results

Noncontingent language and perseveration were characteristic of the pragmatic profiles of boys and girls with FXS-ASD and boys with ASD-O. Boys with ASD-O also initiated turns less often and were more nonresponsive than other groups, and girls with FXS-ASD were more nonresponsive than their male counterparts. Hand-coding and SALT methods were largely convergent with some exceptions.

Conclusion

Results suggest both similarities and differences in the pragmatic profiles observed across different neurodevelopmental disabilities, including idiopathic and FXS-associated cases of ASD, as well as an important sex difference in FXS-ASD. These findings and congruency between the 2 language sample analysis techniques together have important implications for assessment and intervention efforts.

from Speech via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QstjKt

Sinus floor elevation in sites with a perforated schneiderian membrane: What is the effect of placing a collagen membrane in a rabbit model?

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the healing following sinus grafting in sites with a perforated schneiderian membrane repaired using a collagen membrane, compared to control sites without membrane perforation.

Materials & Methods

Following elevation of the sinus membrane in 16 rabbits, each sinus was assigned to one of the following groups: (i) intentional schneiderian membrane perforation, followed by the placement of a collagen membrane and bone grafting (group SMP), (ii) bone grafting without a perforation of the schneiderian membrane and without a collagen membrane placement (control group). At 2 and 4 weeks (n=8 for each time‐point), micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) and histomorphometric analyses were performed.

Results

Overall new bone formation in group SMP was significantly delayed compared to the control group at 2 and 4 weeks (1.58±1.25 vs. 9.23±2.69% at 2 weeks, 10.43±3.55 vs. 17.86±4.11% at 4 weeks, p<0.05). At 2 weeks, new bone formation for the areas close to lateral (1.19±2.02%) and medial sinus bone walls (3.17±1.98%) was markedly delayed in group SMP compared to the control group (13.08±6.13 and 12.75±5.63%, respectively, p<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in those areas at 4 weeks (p>0.05). The augmented volumes at 2 and 4 weeks were not statistically significantly different in both groups.

Conclusion

The perforation of the schneiderian membrane and the repair using a collagen membrane delayed new bone formation in the augmented sinuses. However, the extension of the collagen membrane on the sinus bone walls was also attributable to this delayed bone formation.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from OroFacial via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JSt5Kf

Identification of Pen m 4 as a potential cause of occupational asthma to Gammarus shrimp

We present the case of a 34-year-old male patient employed for 8 years in a company manufacturing and packaging animal feed. The patient developed occupational asthma to dry Gammarus powder. The diagnosis was ...

from Allergy and Immunology via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PmgmWm

Prognostic significance of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) expression, clinical and pathological factors in clinically node-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) has unique properties regarding structure and function in supporting bone formation during development and adult life. Despite its known role in various malignant tumors, the prognostic significance of BMP6 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate immunohistochemical expression of BMP6 in OSCC in correlation with clinical and pathological parameters, disease recurrence and survival. In addition, we investigated other parameters in order to identify prognosticators of neck metastases and final outcome.

from OroFacial via a.sfakia on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2RKoBIe