Abstract Chitooligosaccharides have important application value in the fields of food and agriculture. Chitosanase can degrade chitosan to obtain chitooligosaccharides. The marine metagenome contains many genes related to the degradation of chitosan. However, it is difficult to mine valuable genes from large gene resources. This study proposes a method to screen chitosanases directly from the marine metagenome. Chitosanase gene chis1754 was identified...
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Abstract Bacterial magnetic particles (BMPs) are biosynthesized magnetic nano-scale materials with excellent dispersibility and biomembrane enclosure properties. In this study, we demonstrate that BMPs augment the ability of polyethylenimine (PEI) to deliver target DNA into difficult-to-transfect primary porcine liver cells, with transfection efficiency reaching over 30%. Compared with standard lipofection and polyfection, BMP-PEI gene vectors significantly...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Abstract Sur7 is one of multiple proteins constituting MCC (membrane compartment of Can1 acting as an arginine/H+ symporter), a crucial membrane domain that can form punctuate eisosome spots on the plasma membrane and execute diverse functions in model yeast but remains poorly understood in filamentous fungi. Here, a Sur7 homolog bearing a typical SUR7 domain and four transmembrane domains was shown to localize in the conidial vesicles and enter vacuoles and appear sporadically...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose Treatment with dopamine agonists (DA) is highly effective in patients with prolactinomas. In selected patients, discontinuation of DA after several years of successful treatment is possible, however, hyperprolactinemia recurs in 60–80% of them. It is unclear what is the clinical significance of these recurrences and hence, whether or not reinitiation of therapy is necessary. ...
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Fission yeast Erh1 exists in a complex with RNA-binding protein Mmi1. Deletion of erh1 upregulates the phosphate homeostasis gene pho1, which is normally repressed by transcription in cis of a 5' flanking prt lncRNA. Here we present evidence that de-repression of pho1 by erh1 is achieved through precocious 3'-processing/termination of prt lncRNA synthesis, to wit: (i) erh1 does not affect the activity of the prt or pho1 promoters per se; (ii) de-repression by erh1 depends on CPF (cleavage and polyadenylation...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 23:14
Understanding the consequences of local adaptation at the genomic diversity is a central goal in evolutionary genetics of natural populations. In species with large continuous geographical distributions the phenotypic signal of local adaptation is frequently clear, but the genetic basis often remains elusive. We examined the patterns of genetic diversity in Pinus sylvestris, a keystone species in many Eurasian ecosystems with a huge distribution range and decades of forestry research showing that...
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Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is a food staple widely cultivated in the humid tropics of Asia, Africa, Pacific and the Caribbean. One of the greatest threats to taro production is Taro Leaf Blight caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora colocasiae. Here we describe a de novo taro genome assembly and use it to analyze sequence data from a Taro Leaf Blight resistant mapping population. The genome was assembled from linked-read sequences (10x Genomics; ~60x coverage) and gap-filled and scaffolded...
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Mitotane causes hypercholesterolemia in ACC patients. We suppose that cholesterol increases within the tumor and can be used to activate proliferative pathways. In this study, we used statins to decrease intratumor cholesterol and investigated the effects on ACC growth related to ERα action at the nuclear and mitochondrial levels. We first used microarray to investigate mitotane effect on genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis and evaluated their relationship with patients' survival in ACC TCGA....
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:41
Glucocorticoids are widely used for therapy of hematological malignancies. Unfortunately, chronic treatment with glucocorticoids commonly leads to adverse effects including skin and muscle atrophy and osteoporosis. We found recently that REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage 1) plays central role in steroid atrophy. Here we tested whether REDD1 suppression makes glucocorticoid-based therapy of blood cancer safer. Unexpectedly, ~50% of top putative REDD1 inhibitors selected by bioinformatics...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:41
Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) have emerged as important therapeutic targets. Pharmacological inhibitors of these kinases function to inhibit cell cycle progression and exert other important effects on the tumor and host environment. Due to their impact on the cell cycle, CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have been hypothesized to antagonize the anti-tumor effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy in tumors that are CDK4/6 dependent. However, there are multiple preclinical studies that illustrate...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:41
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted agents that have shown promise in treating cancer. A central challenge in development of ADCs is the relatively narrow therapeutic index observed in clinical studies. Patient selection strategies based on expression of the target in tumors have the potential to maximize benefit and provide the best chance of clinical success; however, implementation of biomarker-driven trials can be difficult both practically and scientifically. We conducted a survey of...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:41
This paper analyses how allele frequencies and population sizes co-evolve in a metapopulation with infinitely many islands that are connected via migration. Each island belongs to one of several distinct ecological niches or habitats. The genetic component of fitness is influenced by an additive trait which is under habitat-specific selection. We analyse the conditions under which locally favoured alleles can be maintained in a rare habitat within the metapopulation, and clarify how demographic stochasticity,...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
While the evolutionary fitness of natural populations is affected by a multitude of environmental factors, theory predicts that selective responses are in principle limited. However, we lack empirical knowledge on the magnitude of different selection pressures natural populations adaptively track. Here, we developed a framework to investigate the quantitative and qualitative complexity of the effectively acting selection regime using population genomic time series data. We applied the approach to...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Booming and busting populations modulate the accumulation of genetic diversity, encoding histories of living populations in present-day variation. Many methods exist to decode these histories, and all must make strong model assumptions. It is typical to assume that mutations accumulate uniformly across the genome at a constant rate that does not vary between closely related populations. However, recent work shows that mutational processes in human and great ape populations vary across genomic regions...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
The first complete chloroplast and Internal Transcribed Sequence (ITS) cassette sequences for the species: Saccharum giganteum, Saccharum longisetosum, Cleistachne sorghoides, Saccharum narenga and Tripsacum dactyloides are presented. Corresponding sequences for a new isolate of Sarga timorense were assembled. Phylogenetic analyses place S. giganteum, S. longisetosum and S. narenga within the Saccharinae but distinct from Saccharum, whilst C. sorghoides emerges as a member of genus Sarga and Tripsacum...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Actin is a major component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Many related actin homologues can be found in eukaryotes1, some of them being present in most or all eukaryotic lineages. The gene repertoire of the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA) therefore would have harbored both actin and various actin-related proteins (ARPs). A current hypothesis is that the different ARPs originated by gene duplication in the proto-eukaryotic lineage from an actin gene that was inherited from Asgard archaea....
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Genome size of plants has long piqued the interest of researchers due to the vast differences among organisms. However, the mechanisms that drive size differences have yet to be fully understood. Two important contributing factors to genome size are expansions of repetitive elements, such as transposable elements (TEs), and whole-genome duplications (WGD). Although studies have found correlations between genome size and both TE abundance and polyploidy, these studies typically test for these patterns...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 03:00
The developmental origins and evolutionary histories of cell types, tissues and organ systems contribute to the ways in which their dysfunction leads to disease. In mammals for example, the nature and extent of maternal-fetal interactions, how those interactions develop, and their evolutionary history likely influence diseases of pregnancy such as infertility and preterm birth. Here we show genes that evolved to be expressed at the maternal-fetal interface in Eutherian (Placental) mammals play essential...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 03:00
Purpose: Wild-type IDH-expressing glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a median age at diagnosis of ≥65 years. It accounts for ~90% of all GBM and has a median overall survival (OS) of <15 months. Although immune checkpoint therapy has achieved remarkable survival benefits in a variety of aggressive malignancies, similar success has yet to be achieved for GBM among phase III clinical trials to-date. Our study aimed to understand the relationship between...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:18
Purpose: To assess the predictive value of molecular breast cancer subtypes in premenopausal hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer patients who received adjuvant endocrine treatment or chemotherapy. Experimental Design: Molecular breast cancer subtypes were centrally assessed on whole tumor sections by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in patients of the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG) Trial 5 who had received either 5 years of tamoxifen/3 years of goserelin or six cycles...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:18
Purpose. ESR1 mutations are acquired frequently in hormone receptor positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer after prior aromatase inhibitors (AI). We assessed the clinical utility of baseline ESR1 circulating tumor DNA analysis in the two phase III randomised trials of fulvestrant versus exemestane. Patients and Methods. The phase III EFECT and SoFEA trials randomised patients with HR+ metastatic breast cancer who had progressed on prior non-steroidal AI, between fulvestrant 250mg and exemestane....
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:18
Purpose: In the S-TRAC trial, adjuvant sunitinib improved disease-free survival (DFS) compared with placebo in patients with loco-regional renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at high risk of recurrence. This post-hoc exploratory analysis investigated the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for predictive and prognostic significance in the RCC adjuvant setting. Experimental Design: Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional analyses were performed on baseline NLR and change from baseline at week 4 to assess...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:18
Purpose: Because BRCA1 is a high-risk breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1 sequence variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUS) complicate genetic counseling. As most VUS are rare, reliable classification based on clinical and genetic data is often impossible. However, all pathogenic BRCA1 variants analyzed result in defective homologous recombination DNA repair (HRR). Thus, BRCA1 VUS may be categorized based on their functional impact on this pathway. Experimental Design: 238...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:18
Abstract Introduction Securing the catheter to the skin either with sutures or staples and to the skull with bolt system still represents the most common options in the management of CSF external drainage. However, these options bear an unavoidable risk of complications. This problem is common to vascular accesses and has been successfully overcome with the introduction of device for subcutaneous anchoring (SecurAcath®, Interrad Medical,...
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Abstract Mechanism of hypertonia in cerebral palsy children is dual: a neural component due to spasticity (velocity dependent) and a biomechanical component linked to soft tissue changes. Their differentiation—which might be clinically difficult—is however crucial, as only the first component will respond to anti-spastic treatments, the second to physiotherapy. Furthermore, spasticity is frequently associated with dystonia, which is a sustained hypertonic state induced by attempts...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Abstract We reviewed our experience in managing of NF2-associated vestibular schwannoma (VS) in children and young adults regarding the effect of surgery and postoperative bevacizumab treatment. A total of 579 volumetric and hearing data sets were analyzed. The effect of surgery on tumor volume and growth rate was investigated in 46 tumors and on hearing function in 39 tumors. Long-term hearing follow-up behavior was compared with 20 non-operated ears in additional 15 patients....
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN00443J, PaperQianshan Chen, Changping Wang, Shihong Wang, Jun Zhou, Zhaoyang WuAs an effective nuclear resource, uranium plays an important role in industry and energy, but the wastes of uranium also produce radioactive contamination which are harmful to the environment and...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN00500B, PaperDami Kim, SeJin Kim, Sanghyo KimThis study describes a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for separating plasma from whole blood and measuring glucose concentration. A two-dimensional µPAD was fabricated by wax printing, using chromatographic paper...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Tue Jun 16, 2020 02:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN00370K, PaperHuan-Huan Sun, Fang He, Ting Wang, Bin-Cheng Yin, Bang-Ce YeMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in various biological processes and act as important biomarkers for clinical cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Here, we took advantage of Cas12a trans-cleavage activity...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Tue Jun 16, 2020 02:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN00880J, PaperHaiyan Song, Guangheng Gao, Chunling Ma, Yunjie Li, Jianguo Shi, Xigui Zhou, Zhiguang ZhuThe wide application of xylose in food, beverage, pharmaceutical industries, as well as in the booming field of biorefinery, calls for the demand of a rapid, accurate, and real-time xylose...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Tue Jun 16, 2020 02:00
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 17 June 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0931-6Differential therapeutic effects of PARP and ATR inhibition combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of subcutaneous versus orthotopic lung tumour models
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 17 June 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0935-2A dynamic web-based decision aid to improve informed choice in organised breast cancer screening. A pragmatic randomised trial in Italy
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 17 June 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0940-5MicroRNA-17-5p regulates EMT by targeting vimentin in colorectal cancer
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 16 June 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0930-7The rapid emergence of COVID-19 has sent shockwaves through healthcare systems globally, with cancer patients at increased risk. The interplay of the virus and host immune system has been implicated in the development of ARDS. Immunotherapy agents have the potential to adversely potentiate this phenomenon, requiring careful real-world observation.
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Gen. Charles Q. Brown Jr. was confirmed June 9 to be the 22nd Air Force chief of staff. (Courtesy US Air Force/)This story originally featured on Flying Magazine.In a display of bipartisanship on June 9, 2020, the US Senate confirmed Gen. Charles Q. Brown Jr. to be 22nd Air Force chief of staff with a vote of 98-0. The unanimous vote cleared the way for the decorated pilot and experienced commander to become the first Black individual in history to lead a branch of the U.S. military as its highest-ranking...
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It might be time to rearrange your kitchen. (Jarek Ceborski via Unsplash/)The best flatware sets have a variety of options from cake forks to serving spoons to ensure you have the best tool for every dish on your table. Add to that speciality utensils like potato mashers, garlic presses, and sea salt graters and you’ve got a whole lot of oddly-shaped objects that can easily pile up in your kitchen drawer. Separate the pieces you use the most from obscure gadgets, stack your forks and spoons in neat...
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Your spine will thank you. (Corinne Kutz via Unsplash/)As mobile and portable devices become more and more sophisticated, the traditional desktop computer seems increasingly like a relic of the past. The laptop is the new center of your computing universe, so it’s time to make using it a lot more comfortable.We found some accessories and add-ons that will keep you from hunching over your computer like some kind of tech-obsessed Gollum. Kick back and pamper yourself a little while you work.Redefine...
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Follow the recipe for a change. (Tiard Schulz via Unsplash/)Anyone who has ever mixed up paprika and cayenne in a dish knows that carefully labeled and easily accessible spices are a must for any cook. If you purchase in bulk so you don’t end up with more caraway seeds than you’ll ever use in your lifetime, proper storage options are essential to keeping random baggies out of your kitchen drawers and maximizing freshness. A quality organizer stocked with a comprehensive selection of herbs and spices...
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Infection with the novel coronavirus may trigger stress-related diabetes, an often temporary form of the disease that occurs when the body begins producing hormones to fight the foreign invader that interfere with normal insulin function. (Pixabay/)Since the start of the coronavirus outbreak, doctors have found that people living with diabetes are at an increased risk of having severe COVID-19 symptoms. But the relationship between these two diseases appears to be two-way: Infection with the novel...
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Fitness is a hop, skip, and a jump away. (Chichi Onyekanne via Unsplash/)Jumping rope is super fun for kids with energy to burn. With just a simple rope, some music, and an active imagination, kids can create elaborate games and dance routines that have endless variations. This deceptively challenging activity is also great for boxers, MMA fighters, and everyday athletes, and gets your heart rate up even if you just have a few minutes to exercise. Predictably, adults are more concerned with technique...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 22:53
Let everyone know you’re the world’s best. (Amy Parkes via Unsplash/)Acquiring coffee mugs is easy. For less than $20 you can pick up a souvenir, support your local coffee shop, or indulge your terrible taste in jokes. Chances are you’ve also received mugs as gifts and maybe even a ceramic set handcrafted by an artisan. Yet day after day, you use the same two mugs at the front of your cabinet so you don’t have to move everything on the shelf. With these well-designed mug holders, make sure all of...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 22:48
Build a course for Mario to navigate and save or share it. (Lego /)Lego’s augmented reality efforts have been sporadic in recent years. Its Playgrounds iOS app debuted at the end of 2018 and brought app-based digital functions to some physical brick sets. Its Hidden Side collections add AR elements to dedicated sets, but it doesn’t feel particularly focused. It’s a mix of STEM coding activities, VR games, and augmented reality building tech all mashed together. Lego’s latest offering, however, is...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 21:57
Implicit bias can be disastrous when you're pressured into making quick decisions. (Unsplash/)Thirty police officers sat contemplating a deceptively simple question: At the scene of a car crash, why is it that the man dressed in a suit and driving a shiny BMW is usually more believable than the man wearing muddy jeans driving a pickup truck? It was late in 2018 at the New York Police Department, and under mandatory orders, they were there to learn about something lurking within everyone’s subconscious—racism.While...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 21:55
How much are infinite skips anyway? ( Omid Armin / Unsplash/)It’s amazing how quickly a few subscriptions can add up. $16 for Netflix here, $10 for Spotify there, $10 more for that new platform everyone’s talking about, and before you know it, you’ve racked up $100 or more in monthly costs. If that portion of your budget has gone a little out of control, it may be time to take a strategic look at what you actually use.1. Pay for the essentials up frontIf you know you just can’t live without a certain...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 15:00
Researchers identified a series of 9-inch-long prints as belonging to an extinct ancestor of the modern crocodile. The animal appeared to walk on two feet. (Anthony Romilio, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia/)More than 100 million years ago, an ancestor of today’s alligators and crocodiles wandered through present-day South Korea on its hind limbs, scientists announced June 11 in the journal Scientific Reports. The researchers identified a series of 9-inch-long prints as belonging...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 13:00
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