Abstract Background Prescribing in dental practice has a relatively small but important contribution to the quantity of antibiotics prescribed in primary care. This study aimed to analyse antibiotic prescribing in dentistry over time (2010–2016) in 4 different Northern European countries and their relative contribution to national outpatients consumption. Methods...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Abstract Background Orthodontic treatment of newborns and infants with Robin-Sequence using the Tübingen Palatal Plate (TPP) is a complex procedure that could benefit from simplification through digitalization. The design of the velar extension (spur) and the palatal base determines the success of the treatment. Therefore, a prototype must be produced and inserted under endoscopic supervision in order to determine the appropriate...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Subcellular localization is essential to RNA biogenesis, processing, and function across the gene expression life cycle. However, the specific nucleotide sequence motifs that direct RNA localization are incompletely understood. Fortunately, new sequencing technologies have provided transcriptome-wide atlases of RNA localization, creating an opportunity to leverage computational modeling. Here we present RNA-GPS, a new machine learning model that uses nucleotide-level features to predict RNA localization...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:30
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as prominent regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes. LncRNAs often drive the modification and maintenance of gene activation or gene silencing states via chromatin conformation rearrangements. In plants, lncRNAs have been shown to participate in gene regulation, and are essential to processes such as vernalization and photomorphogenesis. Despite their prominent functions, only over a dozen lncRNAs have been experimentally and functionally characterized....
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:30
The current COVID-19 pandemic presents a serious public health crisis, and a better understanding of the scope and spread of the virus would be aided by more widespread testing. Nucleic-acid-based tests currently offer the most sensitive and early detection of COVID-19. However, the "gold standard" test pioneered by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention takes several hours to complete and requires extensive human labor, materials such as RNA extraction kits that could become in short...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:30
RNA molecules play many pivotal roles in a cell that are still not fully understood. Any detailed understanding of RNA function requires knowledge of its three-dimensional structure, yet experimental RNA structure resolution remains demanding. Recent advances in sequencing provide unprecedented amounts of sequence data that can be statistically analyzed by methods such as direct coupling analysis (DCA) to determine spatial proximity or contacts of specific nucleic acid pairs, which improve the quality...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:30
The nadA motif is the first known NAD+-dependent riboswitch, comprising two similar tandem bulged stem–loop structures. We have determined the structure of the 5' domain 1 of the riboswitch. It has three coaxial helical segments, separated by an ACANCCCC bulge and by an internal loop, with a tertiary contact between them that includes two C:G base pairs. We have determined the structure with a number of ligands related to NADH, but in each case only the ADP moiety is observed. The adenosine adopts...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:30
The ribonuclease A family of proteins is well studied from the biochemical and biophysical points of view, but its evolutionary origins are obscure, as no sequences homologous to this family have been reported outside of vertebrates. Recently, the spatial structure of the ribonuclease domain from a bacterial polymorphic toxin was shown to be closely similar to the structure of vertebrate ribonuclease A. The absence of sequence similarity between the two structures prompted a speculation of convergent...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:30
U2 and U6 small nuclear (sn)RNAs are the only snRNAs directly implicated in catalyzing the splicing of pre-mRNA, but assembly and rearrangement steps prior to catalysis require numerous proteins. Previous studies have shown that the protein-free U2–U6 snRNA complex adopts two conformations in equilibrium, characterized by four and three helices surrounding a central junction. The four-helix conformer is strongly favored in the in vitro protein-free state, but the three-helix conformer predominates...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:30
Bacterial ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) encoded by nonessential genes often carry out very important tasks in translation. In particular, this is the case of a small basic bacteria-specific r-protein L31 (bL31). Recent studies revealed a crucial role of bL31 in formation of the protein–protein intersubunit bridge B1b and hence its contribution to ribosome dynamics. Our goal was to study in vivo regulation of the rpmE operon encoding bL31. We used a previously developed approach based on chromosomally...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:30
Ribosomal subunits are assembled on a precursor rRNA that includes four spacers in addition to mature rRNA sequences. The 5' external transcribed spacer (5' ETS) is the most prominent one that recruits U3 snoRNA and a plethora of proteins during the early assembly of 90S small subunit preribosomes. Here, we have conducted a comprehensive mutational analysis of 5' ETS by monitoring the processing and assembly of a plasmid-expressed pre-18S RNA. Remarkably, nearly half of the 5' ETS sequences, when...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:30
The RNA editing core complex (RECC) catalyzes mitochondrial U-insertion/deletion mRNA editing in trypanosomatid flagellates. Some naphthalene-based sulfonated compounds, such as C35 and MrB, competitively inhibit the auto-adenylylation activity of an essential RECC enzyme, kinetoplastid RNA editing ligase 1 (KREL1), required for the final step in editing. Previous studies revealed the ability of these compounds to interfere with the interaction between the editosome and its RNA substrates, consequently...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:30
RNAs that are 5'-truncated versions of a longer RNA but share the same 3' terminus can be generated by alternative promoters in transcription of cellular mRNAs or by replicating RNA viruses. These truncated RNAs cannot be distinguished from the longer RNA by a simple two-primer RT-PCR because primers that anneal to the cDNA from the smaller RNA also anneal to—and amplify—the longer RNA-derived cDNA. Thus, laborious methods, such as northern blot hybridization, are used to distinguish shorter from...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 16:30
Abstract Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography can noninvasively map microvascular networks and quantify blood flow in a cerebral cortex with a resolution of 1–10 μm and a penetration depth of 2–3 mm incorporating OCT signals and angiography algorithms. Different angiography algorithms have been developed in recent years; however, the performance of the algorithms has not been assessed quantitatively for neuroimaging applications. In this paper, we developed four metrics including vascular...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 18:04
We disclose the use of hybrid materials featuring Au/Ag core/shell nanorods in porous chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol scaffolds for applications in tissue engineering and wound healing. The combination of Au and Ag in a single construct provides synergistic opportunities for optical activation of functions as near infrared laser tissue bonding, and remote interrogation to return parameters of prognostic relevance in wound healing monitoring. In particular, the bimetallic component ensures optical tunability,...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 17:49
Background: The ADHEAR device, a new nonsurgical bone conduction hearing device, has been developed for patients with conductive hearing loss. Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of the ADHEAR device on the audiological performance and satisfaction level in subjects with conductive hearing loss. Methods: Twelve patients with conductive hearing loss were included. All patients received the device for 3 months. The audiological outcomes were determined using basic audiological assessments,...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 08:51
Abstract Sildenafil is one of the commonest over the counter (OTC) drugs which is orally taken by the people for sexual enhancement. It is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) and results in engorgement of carpora cavernosa and help in erectile dysfunction. There are fewer adverse cutaneous drug reactions reported by sildenafil perhaps due to use of the drug without medical prescription. Here we are reporting a case of sildenafil induced hypersensitivity syndrome that is possibly the...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 20:15
Abstract For the last two decades, the outbreaks of diseases caused by coronaviruses and intermittent worldwide public health emergences have reminded us that they still represent a severe threat to global health. The recent outbreak of Corona Virus disease 19 (COVID‐19) highlighted the urgent need for effective treatment, and initiated rapid search for therapies, able to counter the most severe disease effects. Many aspects of COVID‐19 pathogenesis are unknown, but complex interplay of direct viral...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 20:14
Mon Jun 15, 2020 20:14
Abstract Skin picking disorder (Excoriation disorder) is a common psychodermatological disorder characterized by irresistible urges to pick skin on dominant hand accessible parts of the body. There is no specific recommended treatment available. Various pharmacological agents particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and glutamatergic agents have been tried with variable success. Habit reversal therapy has been commonly employed in the treatment and has some evidence‐based success. This...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 20:11
Mon Jun 15, 2020 20:04
Abstract Body‐focused repetitive behavior disorders are a group of disorders characterized by repetitive actions that include skin picking, hair pulling, nail biting and other compulsions. These disorders can range from a common habit to a pathological disorder, that negatively impacts the psychiatric health and social well‐being of an individual. Diagnosis can be made clinically, and monitored using different scales and assessments. Various treatments have been tried with differing successes. There...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 20:03
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Mon Jun 15, 2020 12:05
Abstract In the era of staggering speed in development of the novel coronavirus (CoV) pandemic (COVID‐19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2), we have reviewed the dermatologists’ tools at hand for their utility (and potential risks) in patients affected by COVID‐19. This review aims to shed light on the anti‐viral and pro‐viral potential of drugs routinely used in dermatology to modulate COVID‐19. The literature search included peer‐reviewed articles published...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 12:00
ABSTRACT The authors aim to present the butterfly effect, a concept based on the theory that small changes might have a powerful effect, as an example of the important connection between diet and acne. Western diet is currently a well known environmental factor which, mainly via the overstimulation of mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) , is responsible for the development and aggravation of acne and other age‐related diseases of civilization. From the authors’ point of view, “the butterfly...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 11:45
Mygalomorph spiders represent a diverse, yet understudied lineage for which genomic level data has only recently become accessible through high-throughput genomic and transcriptomic sequencing methods. The Aptost...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 03:00
Abstract Objectives To assess the diagnostic accuracy of fast acquisition MRI in suspected cases of paediatric appendicitis presenting to a tertiary referral hospital. Materials and methods A prospective study was undertaken between May and October 2017 of 52 children who presented with suspected appendicitis and were referred for an...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Abstract Numerous imaging modalities may be used for the staging of women with advanced breast cancer. Although bone scintigraphy and multiplanar-CT are the most frequently used tests, others including PET, MRI and hybrid scans are also utilised, with no specific recommendations of which test should be preferentially used. We review the evidence behind the imaging modalities that characterise metastases in breast cancer and to update the evidence on comparative imaging accuracy.
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 16 June 2020Source: Journal of VoiceAuthor(s): Kevin Pasternak, Jennylee Diaz, Susan L. Thibeault
Tue Jun 16, 2020 15:54
Publication date: Available online 15 June 2020Source: Journal of VoiceAuthor(s): Amy Rutt, Kathleen D. Kennelly, Jhon F. Martinez-Paredes
Tue Jun 16, 2020 15:54
The assessment of clinical efficacy and toxicity is very important in pharmacology and toxicology. The effects of psychostimulants (e.g. amphetamine), psychotomimetics (e.g. Cannabis sativus) and snake antiven...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Mouse models have delivered variable recapitulation of Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) pathology and consistently demonstrated neurological involvement which may be a limited feature of human disease. With the p...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 03:00
Chalcones (1, 3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) and their derivatives are widely explored from the past decade for its antimalarial activity. To elucidate their mechanism of action on the malaria parasite, the ultrast...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 03:00
Abstract According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC ) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRL s) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance meptyldinocap (DE ‐126). To assess the occurrence of meptyldinocap residues in plants, processed commodities, rotational crops and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Regulation (EC ) No 1107/2009, Commission Regulation (EU ) No 188/2011 and the MRL s established by the...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 11:58
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