The muscles of facial expression are of significant interest to studies of communicative behaviors. However, due to their small size and high integration with other facial tissues, the current literature is largely restricted to descriptions of the presence or absence of specific muscles. Using diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DiceCT) to stain and digitally image the mimetic mask of Eulemur flavifrons (the blue-eyed black lemur), we demonstrate—for the first time—the...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
DNA barcode data is presented for Australian cetoniine flower beetles to aid with species discovery and guide revisionary taxonomy. Sequences of the COI gene’s DNA barcode region were acquired from 284 cetoniine specimens, covering 68 described species and 33 genera. This equates to 48% of the known species and 83% of the genera which occur in Australia. Results suggest up to 27 putative undescribed species in our sample, only 11 of which were suspected to be undescribed before this study, leaving...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Objective The authors carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis on smoking cessation interventions on health -care workers to clarify the state of the art interventions and to identify the best one. Materials and Methods This review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019130117. The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched until December 2018. Quality of all studies included in the systematic...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
A lot of vegetation-related data have been collected as an ordered plant cover class that can be determined visually. However, they are difficult to analyze numerically as they are in an ordinal scale and have uncertainty in their classification. Here, I constructed a state-space model to estimate unobserved plant cover proportions (ranging from zero to one) from such cover class data. The model assumed that the data were measured longitudinally, so that the autocorrelations in the time-series could...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Background Previous studies recruited unrepresentative samples of Chinese patients with cataract and reported a wide range of prevalence of depressive symptoms in this patient population (18.0–89.7%). The present study determined the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among a consecutive sample of Chinese patients with cataract treated in tertiary general hospitals. Methods A total of 339 patients with...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
As a polymicrobial disease, sour rot decreases grape berry yield and wine quality. The diversity of microbial communities in sour rot-affected grapes depends on the cultivation site, but the microbes responsible for this disease in eastern coastal China, has not been reported. To identify the microbes that cause sour grape rot in this important grape-producing region, the diversity and abundance of bacteria and fungi were assessed by metagenomic analysis and cultivation-dependent techniques. A total...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 15 June 2020Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic SurgeryAuthor(s): Tae Hwan Ahn, Chan Yeong Heo, Kyung Chan Ahn
Tue Jun 16, 2020 13:36
Zeolites are becoming more versatile in their chemical functions through rational design of their frameworks, both in geometries and composition. Therefore, direct imaging of all atoms at the atomic scale, basic units (Si, Al and O), heteroatoms in the framework, and extraframework cations, is urgently needed. TEM is ideally suited to provide local information at the atomic level, but the serious problem of electron‐beam damage needs to be overcome. Herein, we report the successful observation of...
Tue Jun 16, 2020 11:49
Formaldehyde (FA) is endogenously produced in living systems through a variety of biological processes, and has been implicated in many pathological conditions. Detection tools for biological FA are, therefore, of great interest. Here we report novel activity‐based genetically encoded fluorescent and luminescent probes for detecting FA in aqueous solutions and living mammalian cells. A FA‐reactive lysine analogue, PrAK, was site‐specifically incorporated into the essential lysine sites of enhanced...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 22:57
That′s dope ! The energy cost of moving an electron from sulfur to its neighboring metal atoms can predict the trend in hydrogen‐binding strengths in MoS2 and its doped variants. An electronic‐structure‐based descriptor for the hydrogen‐binding strength allows to understand these trends: Δdp, the local interband energy separation between the lowest empty d‐states on the dopant metal atoms and occupied p‐states on sulfur. Abstract Weak binding of hydrogen atoms to the 2H‐MoS2 basal plane renders...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 22:00
Despite the central importance of aqueous amphiphile assemblies in science and industry, the size and shape of these nano‐objects is often difficult to control with accuracy due to the non‐directional nature of the hydrophobic interactions that sustain them. Here, using a bioinspired strategy that consists in programming an amphiphile with shielded directional Watson‐Crick hydrogen‐bonding functions, we managed to guide its self‐assembly in water toward a novel family of chiral micelle nanotubes...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 21:32
N,N,N’,N’‐Tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) has been one of the most prevalent and successful additives used in iron‐catalysis, finding application in reactions as diverse as cross‐coupling, C‐H activation and borylation. However, the role that TMEDA plays in these reactions remains largely undefined. Herein, studying the iron‐catalyzed hydromagnesiation of styrene derivatives using TMEDA has provided molecular‐level insight into the role of TMEDA in achieving effective catalysis. Key is the initial...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 21:32
Control the self‐assembly morphology of π‐conjugated block copolymer is of great interesting. In this work, amphiphilic poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐ block ‐poly(phenyl isocyanide)s (P3HT‐ b ‐PPI) copolymers composed of π‐conjugated P3HT and optically active helical PPI segments were readily prepared. Taking advantage of the crystallizable feature of P3HT and the chirality of helical PPI segment, crystallization driven asymmetric self‐assembly (CDASA) of the block copolymers lead to the formation of...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 20:25
Herein we report the first example of using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to quantitatively analyze O 2 reductive activation in organic media catalyzed by three different Fe porphyrins. For each porphyrin, SECM can provide in one single experiment the redox potential of various intermediates, the association constant of Fe II with O 2 and the p K a of the Fe III (OOH ‐ )/ Fe III (OO 2‐ ) couple. The results obtained can contribute to a further understanding of the parameters...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 20:23
The term Spodium (Sp) bond is proposed to refer to a net attractive interaction between any element of group 12 and electron rich atoms (Lewis bases or anions). We argue how these noncovalent interactions are markedly different from coordination bonds (antibonding Sp–Ligand orbital involved). We provide evidence of the existence of this interaction by calculations at the RI‐MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory, atoms‐in‐molecules and natural bond orbital analyses and by examining solid state structures...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 19:54
The diffusion pathways of Li‐ions as they traverse cathode structures in the course of insertion reactions underpin many questions fundamental to the functionality of Li‐ion batteries. Much current knowledge derives from computational models or the imaging of lithiation behavior at larger length scales; however, it remains difficult to experimentally image Li‐ion diffusion at the atomistic level. Here, by using topochemical Li‐ion insertion and extraction to induce single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 18:55
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has become a promising approach for the industrial production of graphene films with appealing controllability and uniformity. However, in the conventional hot‐wall CVD system, CVD‐derived graphene films suffer from surface contamination, mainly amorphous carbon, originated from the gas‐phase reaction during the high‐temperature growth. Herein, we demonstrated that the cold‐wall CVD system was capable of suppressing the gas‐phase reaction, and achieved the superclean...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 18:55
Electrochemical synthesis based on electron as reagents provide a broad prospect for commodity chemical manufacturing. A direct one‐step route from amino C‐N bonds electrooxidation to nitrile C≡N bonds offer an alternative pathway for nitriles producting. However, this promising topic has not been fully explored whether the chemical bond reforming process or the performance optimization. Here we proposed a model of vacancies‐rich Ni(OH)2 atomic layer to understand performance relationship with structure....
Mon Jun 15, 2020 17:25
A stable triarylmethyl spin probe whose Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectrum is highly sensitive to molecular tumbling is reported. The strong anisotropy of the hyperfine coupling tensor with the central carbon of a 13 C1‐labeled triarylmethyl radical enables the measurement of the probe rotational correlation time with applications to measure microviscosity and molecular dynamics.
Mon Jun 15, 2020 17:04
Using a mixture of NO+O 2 as the oxidant enabled the direct selective oxidation of methane to dimethyl ether (DME) over Pt/Y 2 O 3 . The reaction was carried out in a fixed bed reactor at 0.1 MPa over a temperature range of 275‐375 o C. During the activity tests, the only carbon‐containing products were DME and CO 2 . The DME productivity (µmol g cat ‐1 h ‐1 ) was comparable to oxygenate productivities reported in the literature for strong oxidants (N 2 O, H 2 O 2 , O 3 )....
Mon Jun 15, 2020 17:03
Together with high conductivity, high flexibility is an important property required for the next generation organic electronic components. Both properties are difficult to achieve together especially when the components are crystalline due to the intrinsic high brittleness of organic molecular crystals. We report an organic radical crystal system that has both high flexibility and high conductivity. The crystal consists of 9,10‐bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene radical cation ( BPEA ·+ ) units, and...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 16:54
A Covalent PET probe : An 18F‐labeled, activity‐based small molecule probe, [18F]JW199, potently and selectively targets NCEH1 in live cells and displays rapid, NCEH1‐dependent accumulation in mouse tissues and tumor xenografts. Abstract Herein, we report the development of an 18F‐labeled, activity‐based small‐molecule probe targeting the cancer‐associated serine hydrolase NCEH1. We undertook a focused medicinal chemistry campaign to simultaneously preserve potent and specific NCEH1 labeling...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 13:33
LAC of control : A Li–arene complex (LAC) with a redox potential below 0.2 V vs. Li enables chemical prelithiation by Li doping in Si‐based anodes for the first time. The LAC solution allows fine control over the degree of prelithiation to obtain an ideal initial coulombic efficiency as well as spatial uniformity of lithiation, which maximizes the utilization of active materials and energy densities of Li‐ion batteries. Abstract Prelithiation is of great interest to Li‐ion battery manufacturers...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 13:30
Carbon nanobasket : A new cyclophane bearing two units of heptagon‐containing hexa‐peri ‐hexabenzocoronene is presented. The macrocycle offers an unusual aromatic calix‐shaped cavity able to interact with fullerenes. The selective binding of C70 over C60 is demonstrated. Abstract A cyclophane is reported incorporating two units of a heptagon‐containing extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) analogue of the hexa‐peri ‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) moiety (hept‐HBC). This cyclophane represents...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 13:29
Stable homonuclear tetrasila‐1,3‐cyclobutanediyls analogues are obtained from the equilibrium reactions of a cyclotrisilene and saturated N‐heterocyclic silylenes (c ‐[(CR2CH2)(Nt Bu)2]Si: (R=H, Me)). Solid state structures show essentially planar four‐membered Si4 ring systems. Despite the long distance between the formal radical centers calculations suggest an unsupported π‐bond between them. Abstract Main group analogues of cyclobutane‐1,3‐diyls are fascinating due to their unique reactivity...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 12:28
Ringing the changes : A practically useful method for the formation of the highly oxygenated bicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring system through Mn(OAc)3‐mediated radical cyclization of alkynyl ketones was developed, which opens up a new avenue for the total synthesis of a number of highly oxidized diterpenoids. Application of this method enabled the first total synthesis of the ent ‐kaurene diterpenoid (−)‐glaucocalyxin A. Abstract A practically useful method for the formation of the highly oxygenated...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 12:27
In‐situ reversible click reaction based on the rapid condensation of boronic acid functionalities with salicylhydroxamates is used to prepare polymer–drug conjugates, which form nanoassemblies that can undergo a stimuli‐induced release of pristine drugs. Abstract Polymer–drug conjugates are promising as strategies for drug delivery, because of their high drug loading capacity and low premature release profile. However, the preparation of these conjugates is often tedious. In this paper, we...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 12:02
An asymmetric Shono‐type oxidative cross‐coupling to give C1‐alkynylated tetrahydroisoquinolines with good to excellent enantioselectivity was developed by merging copper catalysis and electrochemistry. The use of TEMPO as a co‐catalytic redox mediator is crucial for oxidizing a tetrahydroisoquinoline to an iminium ion species and for decreasing the oxidation potential of the reaction. Abstract A novel strategy for asymmetric Shono‐type oxidative cross‐coupling has been developed by merging...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 12:02
Sweet dreams are made of this : A highly stereoselective electro‐2‐deoxyglycosylation from glycals was developed. This method features excellent stereoselectivity, scope, and functional‐group tolerance, and can also be applied to the modification of a wide range of natural products and drugs. Furthermore, a scalable synthesis of glycosylated podophyllotoxin and a one‐pot trisaccharide synthesis through iterative electroglycosylations were achieved. Abstract We report a novel and highly stereoselective...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 12:02
Lanthidins : A novel glycosylated lantibiotic, cacaoidin, inaugurates a new RiPP family characterized by the co‐occurrence of lanthionine rings and N‐terminus dimethylation, structural features both restricted to the lanthipeptide and linaridin RiPP families, respectively. Cacaoidin combines both elements in an unprecedented N ,N ‐dimethyl lanthionine system and exhibits a rare tyrosine‐O ‐glycosylated residue. Abstract Lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 12:01
Trapping layers : The first layered cationic aluminum oxyhydroxide, JU‐111, was synthesized, and its structure was determined from 3D electron diffraction tomography data. JU‐111 is a promising candidate for trapping CrVI from aqueous solutions through anion exchange, showing high sorption capacity, ultrafast kinetics, broad working pH range, and excellent selectivity. Abstract Cationic framework materials, especially pure inorganic cationic frameworks that can efficiently and selectively capture...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 12:00
Intracellular delivery : a new combinatorial library of cholesteryl‐based and reduction‐responsive lipidoid nanoparticles can deliver genome engineering protein and mRNA molecules in vitro and in vivo. Using adult Ai14 mouse model, successful Cre‐mediated gene recombination events were observed in skeletal muscle, brain, lung, and spleen through the local and systemic administrations. Abstract Developing safe and efficient delivery systems for therapeutic biomacromolecules is a long‐standing...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 11:58
Photocatalytic syngas production : The use of homogeneous molecular iron catalysts combined with a CdS nanorods (NRs) semiconductor creates a novel photocatalytic system for direct conversion of formic acid to syngas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. These catalysts demonstrate remarkable enhancement in CO evolution with robust stability. Abstract The catalytic decomposition of formic acid to generate syngas (a mixture of H2 and CO) is a highly valuable strategy for energy conversion....
Mon Jun 15, 2020 11:57
Novel vinylation reagent —The iodine(III) reagents vinylbenziodoxolones (VBX) have been employed to vinylate aliphatic and aromatic thiols, as well as mercaptothiazoles. The methodology proceeds under mild and transition metal‐free conditions to provide alkenyl sulfides with excellent stereoselectivity. A novel VBX reagent with a substituted benziodoxolone core had superior efficiency. Abstract The iodine(III) reagents vinylbenziodoxolones (VBX) were employed to vinylate a series of aliphatic...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 11:56
Mechanochemical analogues have been recently established for several enzymatic reactions, however they require periodic interruption of the reaction for sampling, dissolution, and (bio)chemical analysis to monitor their progress. By applying a mechanochemical protocol to induce bioluminescence analogous to that used by the marine ostracod Cypridina ( Vargula ) hilgendorfii here we demonstrate that the light emitted by a bioluminescent reaction can be used for direct monitoring of the progress...
Mon Jun 15, 2020 11:00
Herein, we show that performance of mesostructured cobalt oxide electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be significantly enhanced with coupling of silver species. Various analysis techniques including pair distribution function and Rietveld, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at synchrotron as well as advanced electron microscopy revealed that silver exists as metallic Ag particles and well‐dispersed Ag2O nanoclusters within mesostructure. The benefits of this synergy are twofold for OER:...
Sun Jun 14, 2020 22:00
Objectives: The present study investigated how children with cochlear implants (CIs), with optimal exposure to oral language, perform on sonority-related novel word learning tasks. By optimal oral language exposure, we refer to bilateral cochlear implantation below the age of 2 years. Sonority is the relative perceptual prominence/loudness of speech sounds of the same length, stress, and pitch. The present study is guided by a previous study that investigated the sonority-related novel word...
Fri Jun 12, 2020 03:00
Objectives: Clinicians performing a horizontal head impulse test (HIT) are looking for a corrective saccade. The detection of such saccades is a challenge. The aim of this study is to assess an expert’s likelihood of detecting corrective saccades in subjects with vestibular hypofunction. Design: In a prospective cohort observational study at a tertiary referral hospital, we assessed 365 horizontal HITs performed clinically by an expert neurootologist from a convenience sample of seven...
Fri Jun 12, 2020 03:00
Objective: To obtain updated robust data on a age-specific prevalence of hearing loss in Norway and determine whether more recent birth cohorts have better hearing compared with earlier birth cohorts. Design: Cross-sectional analyzes of Norwegian representative demographic and audiometric data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT)—HUNT2 Hearing (1996–1998) and HUNT4 Hearing (2017–2019), with the following distribution: HUNT2 Hearing (N=50,277, 53% women, aged 20 to 101 years,...
Fri Jun 12, 2020 03:00
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