Whole genome duplication (WGD) occurs across kingdoms and can promote adaptation. However, a sudden increase in chromosome number, as well as changes in physiology, are traumatic to conserved processes. Previous work in Arabidopsis arenosa revealed a coordinated genomic response to WGD, involving physically interacting meiosis proteins, as well as changes related to cell cycle and ion homeostasis. Here we ask: is this coordinated shift in the same processes repeated in another species following WGD?...
Tue Jun 09, 2020 03:00
The three-taxon statement (also called triplet) is the fundamental unit of rooted trees in phylogenetic systematics. Various supertree and phylogenetic methods use three-taxon statements that are minimal rooted statements of degree of kinship relationships. Because of their fundamental role in phylogenetics, three-taxon statements are present in methodological research of various disciplines in evolutionary biology, as in consensus methods, supertree methods, species-tree methods, distance metrics,...
Tue Jun 09, 2020 03:00
The relationship between parasite virulence and transmission is a pillar of evolutionary theory that has specific implications for public health. Part of this canon involves the idea that virulence and free-living survival (a key component of transmission) may have different relationships in different host-parasite systems. Most examinations of the evolution of virulence-transmission relationships (theoretical or empirical in nature) tend to focus on the evolution of virulence, with transmission...
Tue Jun 09, 2020 03:00
Along evolutionary time, starting from simple a beginning, the repertoire of life's proteins has widely expanded. A systematic analysis across the Tree of Life (ToL) depicts that from simplest archaea to mammals, the total number of proteins per proteome expanded ~200-fold. In parallel, proteins became more complex: protein length increased ~3-fold, and multi-domain proteins expanded ~300-fold. Apart from duplication and divergence of existing proteins, expansion was driven by birth of completely...
Tue Jun 09, 2020 03:00
The common European grove snail, Cepaea nemoralis (Helicidae), has been a model species in genetics and evolutionary biology for over a century thanks largely to its genetic shell colour polymorphism. Although most aspects of its shell colour variation are known to be purely genetic, with little or no phenotypic plasticity involved, the width of the spiral bands has been suspected to display a certain amount of plasticity. To test this, we conducted a transplantation experiment, in which 548 growing...
Tue Jun 09, 2020 03:00
Phenotypic plasticity can be an important tool in helping organisms to cope with changing thermal conditions and it may show an interdependency between life-stages. For instance, exposure to stressful temperatures during development can trigger a positive plastic response in adults. In this study, we analyse the thermal plastic response of laboratory populations of Drosophila subobscura, derived from two contrasting latitudes of the European cline. We measured fecundity characters in the experimental...
Tue Jun 09, 2020 03:00
Despite holding a central role for fertilisation success, reproductive traits often show elevated rates of evolution and diversification. The rapid evolution of seminal fluid proteins (Sfps) within populations is predicted to cause mis-signalling between the male ejaculate and female reproductive tract between populations resulting in postmating prezygotic (PMPZ) isolation. Crosses between populations of Drosophila montana show PMPZ isolation in the form of reduced fertilisation success in both noncompetitive...
Tue Jun 09, 2020 03:00
Background: Nearly all Eurasians have ~2% Neanderthal ancestry due to several events of inbreeding between anatomically modern humans and archaic hominins. Previous studies characterizing the legacy of Neanderthal ancestry in modern Eurasians have identified examples of both adaptive and deleterious effects of admixture. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the genome-wide influence of Neanderthal introgression on modern human diseases and traits. Results: We integrate recent maps of...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
By altering gene expression and offering a hold for selection by creating paralogs, genomic duplications represent a key component of short-term adaptive processes. In insects, the use of insecticides can select gene duplications causing an increased expression of detoxification enzymes, supporting their usefulness for monitoring the dynamics of resistance alleles in the field. In this context, the present study aimed at characterising a genomic amplification event associated with resistance to organophosphate...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
Background: One of the dangers of global climate change to wildlife is distorting sex ratios by temperature-induced sex reversals in populations where sex determination is not exclusively genetic, potentially leading to population collapse and/or sex-determination system transformation. Here we introduce a new concept on how these outcomes may be altered by mate choice if sex-chromosome-linked phenotypic traits allow females to choose between normal and sex-reversed (genetically female) males. Results:...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
In many organisms, dispersal varies with the local population density. Such patterns of density-dependent dispersal (DDD) are expected to shape the dynamics, spatial spread and invasiveness of populations. Despite their ecological importance, empirical evidence for the evolution of DDD patterns remains extremely scarce. This is especially relevant because rapid evolution of dispersal traits has now been empirically confirmed in several taxa. Changes in DDD of dispersing populations could help clarify...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
Reproductive isolation is central to speciation, but interspecific crosses between two closely related species can produce viable and fertile hybrids. Two different species of tunicates in the same ascidian genus, Ciona robusta and Ciona intestinalis, can produce hybrids. However, wild sympatric populations display limited gene flow, suggesting the existence of obstacles to interspecific reproduction that remain unknown. Here, we took advantage of a closed culture system to cross C. robusta with...
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Although the pathway and transcription factor regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze] are known, post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms involved in anthocyanin accumulation have not been comprehensively studied. We obtained the full-length transcriptome of a purple cultivar ('Zijuan') and a normal green cultivar ('Yunkang 10#') of C. sinensis var. asssamica (Masters) showing different accumulation of anthocyanins and catechins through PacBio isoform...
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A neutered male domestic medium-haired cat presented at a veterinary neurology clinic at 20 months of age due to progressive neurological signs that included visual impairment, focal myoclonus, and frequent severe generalized seizures that were refractory to treatment with phenobarbital. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse global brain atrophy. Due to the severity and frequency of its seizures, the cat was euthanized at 22 months of age. Microscopic examination of the cerebellum, cerebral...
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Abstract Tympanoplasty is the standard and well-established procedure for closure of tympanic membrane perforations. Tympanoplasty in wet ear is still a topic of debate among ENT surgeons. This study discusses the balance between wait and watch policy and early intervention in wet ear. It also compares the rate of graft uptake and hearing improvement in Type I tympanoplasty in dry and wet ears. This is a hospital based, observational, descriptive and comparative study. Total 246...
Tue Jun 09, 2020 03:00
Abstract There are various surgical techniques for cochlear implantation, classical one being mastoidectomy and posterior tympanotomy which has some disadvantages and complications like extensive bone work, violation of mastoid air cell system and fear of injury to vital structures like facial nerve. To minimize these problems, various modifications in cochlear implantation surgery has been done which includes introduction of Veria technique which also has certain disadvantages...
Tue Jun 09, 2020 03:00
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Genomische Veränderungen (Mutationen, Genfusionen, Amplifikationen) und eine Dysregulierung des Fibroblasten-Wachstumsfaktor-Rezeptor-Signalwegs („fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor“, FGFR) sind häufig in Plattenepithelkarzinomen des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs (HNSCC) zu finden. Eine zielgerichtete Therapie mit gegen FGF-Rezeptoren gerichteten Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren (TKI) oder monoklonalen Antikörpern stellt...
Tue Jun 09, 2020 03:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04072
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04742
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03342
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03184
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02796
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01885
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01622
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01251
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00681
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00966
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00293
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00361
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00455
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01622
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01417
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00200
Tue Jun 09, 2020 07:00
Abstract The presence of intra-articular crystals is detected in different articular pathologies of acute or chronic nature. The aim of this work was to analyze the action of the indium gallium aluminum and phosphorus (InGaAlP) (λ = 670 nm) laser on the synovial membrane present in the knee joint in experimentally induced microcrystalline arthritis in male adult Wistar rats. The animals were divided into three experimental groups (n = 24): control (A), experimentally induced arthritis...
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The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes in the Discussion and Acknowledgments sections. The changes are shown below:
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