Variations in the renal vessels have been observed frequently in routine dissection and surgical practice, but existing with congenital anomalies of kidneys or ureters or suprarenal glands is very rare. Accordingly the aim of this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of anomalous renal vasculature existing with congenital anomalies of kidneys, ureters and suprarenal glands. This study was carried out on 48 human cadavers (including dissected cadaveric specimens) irrespective of age and sex...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:54
Background: Styloid process of temporal bone is clinically significant, because of anatomical or congenital variations in length, number, angulations as well as close proximity to many of the vital neurovascular structures in the neck. Abnormal or congenital variations of the styloid process may compress adjacent neurovascular structures and leads to symptoms of stylalgia (Eagle’s syndrome). Aim: Accordingly this study was aimed to evaluate the anatomical and congenital variations of styloid process...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:53
Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the stability provided by occipitocervical (OC) fixation using occipital plate and C2 pedicular screws. Methods: The study included 6 formalin preserved whole human cadaveric specimens. Occipito-cervical fixation was performed using occipital plate and C2 pedicle screws connected by rods. Specimens were manually loaded by the maximum possible flexion, extension and axial rotation. Assessment of stability of fixation was done after 100, 500, 1000, 2000...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:52
Introduction The anatomy of the biliary tract includes a considerable number of variations that may be explained by the hepato-biliary tract embryology. The in-depth knowledge of this anatomy is essential for a good interpretation of conventional radiology imaging, and, especially for a good practice of hepato-biliary surgery. Several imaging techniques allow us to study the biliary tract anatomy. Our purpose is to study of modal anatomy (most frequent) and anatomic variations of biliary tract through...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:51
Axis, the second cervical vertebra forms a pivot on which the atlas rotates carrying the head. Though this region is very small but can cause serious complications due to complex anatomy of the cranio-cervical junction. Odontoid fractures compose 7-20% of all cervical spine fractures. The vertebral artery may also be at risk as it is present on under surface of axis. Thus, thorough understanding of the anatomy of body of axis and its odontoid process(dens) is required in screw placement or other...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:50
Aim: We aimed to study the effects of prenatal administration of two doses of melamine on foetal ossification centers in rats. Methods: Positively-mated, virgin, adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) were treated from day 6 to day 20 of gestation with solvent (control), melamine 300 mg/kg/day (group 1) or melamine 450 mg/kg/day (group 2). On day 21, half of the fetuses were examined for bone ossification abnormalities. Results: A total of 109 foetal skeletons were examined. The percentage of incomplete...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:49
Background: Perforator flaps are an excellent reconstructive option for functional upper limb reconstruction. Aim of the work: This study aimed to identify the main anatomical sites, number and length of the main perforators of the upper limb for better surgical reconstruction interventions. Material and methods: The material of this work included twelve fresh stillbirths. Red-colored latex was injected into the abdominal aorta. Dissection was done at the sub-fascial level of the upper limb. Results:...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:48
Palmaris longus is classified as a phylogenetically retrogressive muscle having a short belly with a long tendon. It varies in the incidence of its absence, form, attachment, duplication and its ability of having accessory slips and substitute structures. The muscle is of interest to hand surgeons because a number of cases have been reported with complaints of a volar distal forearm swelling and median nerve compression symptoms. Therefore, the present study was performed with the purpose to determine...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:48
Ear auricle had been studied many years ago for personal identification. Many studies in different countries had assessed the shape and measurements of parameters. Variance in dimensions of auricle within various age groups, race and genetic background recommended identification of normal range for auricle parameters; that is necessary for aesthetic purposes and anatomical standardization. Materials and method: Auricular dimensional parameters in 311 individuals in both right and left sides were...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:46
In the last decades 3D optical devices have gained a primary role in facial anthropometry, where they find several applications from the anatomical research to clinics and surgery. With time the number of articles focusing on 3D surface analysis has raised, as well as validation studies which aim at verifying the reliability of different devices and methods of acquisition in comparison with other methods or direct anthropometry. This review aims at making a point in the field of 3D surface acquisition...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:46
Vitrification is one of cryopreservation method for freezing cells without ice formation so that biological materials such as sperm, oocyte, or embryo, can be preserved and later can be used for a specific purpose including wildlife conservation efforts. Unfortunately, high concentration of cryoprotectan in vitrification process can cause osmotic stress and has high toxic levels that may affect embryo quality. The purpose of this research is to analyze the quality of post-vitrification embryos at...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:45
Thorough knowledge from anatomical characteristics of different teeth is a must, to achieve successful root canal, Orthodontic, surgical and other dental treatments on them. This cross- sectional study aimed to study the anatomy and morphology of permanent maxillary canine teeth in Kerman, a province in the southeast Islamic Republic of Iran. One hundred extracted permanent maxillary canines with intact apices were collected from five different dental centers within five different city districts...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:44
In today’s era of modern dentistry, the race towards developing painless and trauma-less procedures remain an important goal of all major companies and dental researchers. One such technique of focus is the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) which remains by far the most common anesthetic technique followed worldwide prior to any submaxillary treatment procedure. Despite of it being so popular, the failure rates remain significantly high with estimates at 15-60% among dental practitioners and dental...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:43
The aim of this study was to determine the location of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) in relation to infraorbital margin (IOM), anterior nasal spine (ANS) and Nasion (NA), Supraorbital margin (SOM) and sockets of the maxillary teeth in adult skulls (of South Indian population). Fourteen skulls (28 sides) have been analyzed. In order to analyse the size and the relative position of the IOF with the above parameters, we have used a digital caliper for measurements with a precision of 0.01 mm. The IOF...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:42
The Martin-Gruber anastomosis (MGA) is the anastomosis in which the anastomotic branch originates proximally from the median nerve (MN) and unites distally with the ulnar nerve (UN). This is the most common form of “anomalous” innervation that have been reported in the upper part of the forearm. This study has a purpose to report the incidence, type, topography of MGA found and access the lenght and diameter of these anastomosis. For this study, 60 anterior forearms (30 right and 30 left) from adult...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:41
There have been no prior reports of the morphology of the caudate lobe of the liver in a Caribbean population. We sought to document the variations in caudate surface anatomy in this population. Two independent investigators observed 56 consecutive cadaveric dissections over a period of five years. Each liver was explanted using a standardized technique. The caudate lobe was observed and standardized measurements were taken using electronic calipers. There were 56 cadavers dissected over the study...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:40
The study of the relationships between the different structures of the human locomotor system still raises great interest. In fact, the human body networks and in particular the “myofascial system network” underlie posture and movement and new knowledge could be useful and applied to many fields such as medicine and prosthetics. The hypothesis of this study was to verify the possibility of creating a structural network representing the human locomotor system as well as to study and describe the relationship...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:39
The hippocampus is popularly known to be involved in learning and memory. However, emerging evidence indicates that the hippocampus also mediates emotions in a process that involves modulating motor and autonomic outflow. The parts of the hippocampus involved in modulating autonomic activities are distinct and thus support the argument of inherent structural and functional segregation. It is suggested that the ability to modulate emotion-dependent autonomic rhythm results from descending synaptic...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:39
Variations of the muscle belly and tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis to the fifth digit are common. We encountered an unusual variant during routine educational dissection; an accessory tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis that united with the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus to the fifth digit. This variant is not documented in the literature. Known variations of flexor digitorum superficialis to the fifth digit are discussed to allow for comparison with the variant identified in...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:38
Erasistratus of Chios (310-250 BC) was one of the great Greek physicians of antiquity. Historical investigation reveals that he was an innovative anatomist, neuroanatomist and a pioneer of human physiology. His accurate discoveries formed the basis of positive sciences and ameliorated medicine.
Wed May 20, 2020 19:37
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