Accumulating studies have suggested the dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in brain tumors, including glioma. miR-6869-5p has been documented to be aberrantly expressed in diverse cancers. However, the precise role of miR-6869-5p in glioma remains poorly understood. This study is aimed at evaluating its modifying effects on glioma. Significantly decreased expression of miR-6869-5p was found in glioma tissues and cells. Negative association was documented between miR-6869-5p and...
Thu May 21, 2020 12:05
Here, we present protocols for analyzing bone remodeling within a lab-on-a-chip platform. A 3D printed mechanical loading device can be paired with the platform to induce osteocyte mechanostransduction by deforming the cellular matrix. The platform can also be used to quantify bone remodeling functional outcomes from osteoclasts and osteoblasts (resorption/formation).
Thu May 21, 2020 22:00
A bottleneck in the ‘design-build-test’ cycle of microbial engineering is the speed at which we can perform functional screens of strains. We describe a high-throughput method for strain screening applied to hundreds to thousands of yeast cells per experiment that utilizes droplet-based RNA sequencing.
Thu May 21, 2020 21:21
Here, we characterize cellular proteotoxic stress responses in the nematode C. elegans by measuring the activation of fluorescent transcriptional reporters and assaying sensitivity to physiological stress.
Thu May 21, 2020 21:00
A method for transcriptome profiling of cereals is presented. The microarray-based gene expression profiling starts with the isolation of high-quality total RNA from cereal grains and continues with the generation of cDNA. After cRNA labelling and microarray hybridization, recommendations are given for signal detection and quality control.
Thu May 21, 2020 20:21
Publication date: Available online 21 May 2020Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic SurgeryAuthor(s): Stephen R. Ali, Thomas Jovic, John AG Gibson, Harvey Rich, Zita M Jessop, Iain S. Whitaker
Thu May 21, 2020 21:56
Publication date: May 2020Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 73, Issue 5Author(s): Andrew Hart
Thu May 21, 2020 21:56
Publication date: Available online 21 May 2020Source: Allergologia et ImmunopathologiaAuthor(s): A.L. López, M.V. Paolini, D.S. Fernández Romero
Thu May 21, 2020 21:34
Publication date: Available online 20 May 2020Source: Allergologia et ImmunopathologiaAuthor(s): X. Yang, H. Wang, D. Zhao, J. Wang, X. Liu, X. Yuan, M. Zhang, G. Li, P. Ran, P. Yang, Z. Liu
Thu May 21, 2020 21:34
Publication date: Available online 20 May 2020Source: Allergologia et ImmunopathologiaAuthor(s): J.P. Sola González, E. Bravo Hernández, A. Cerezo Abellán, M. Peñalver-Mellado
Thu May 21, 2020 21:34
Publication date: Available online 20 May 2020Source: Allergologia et ImmunopathologiaAuthor(s): V. Siafaka, A. Zioga, T. Evrenoglou, D. Mavridis, S. Tsabouri
Thu May 21, 2020 21:34
Publication date: Available online 20 May 2020Source: Allergologia et ImmunopathologiaAuthor(s): M. Yildirim Kaplan, S. Ozen, O. Akcal, N. Gulez, F. Genel
Thu May 21, 2020 21:34
Publication date: Available online 21 May 2020Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology/HematologyAuthor(s): Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Rossella Di Trolio, Zisis Kozlakidis, Giuseppina Busto, Concetta Ingenito, Luciana Buonerba, Claudia Ferrara, Annamaria Libroia, Gianluca Ragone, Concetta dello Ioio, Beatrice Savastano, Mario Polverino, Ferdinando De Falco, Simona Iaccarino, Emilio Leo
Thu May 21, 2020 21:19
Publication date: Available online 20 May 2020Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology/HematologyAuthor(s): Alex M. Li, Amélie Boichard, Enriqueta Felip, Razelle Kurzrock
Thu May 21, 2020 21:19
Fusarium head blight (FHB), a fungal disease caused by Fusarium species that produce food toxins, currently devastates wheat production worldwide, yet few resistance resources have been discovered in wheat germplasm. Here, we cloned the FHB resistance gene Fhb7 by assembling the genome of Thinopyrum elongatum, a species used in wheat distant hybridization breeding. Fhb7 encodes a glutathione S-transferase (GST) and confers broad resistance to Fusarium species by detoxifying trichothecenes through...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
Precise fabrication of semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into densely aligned evenly spaced arrays is required for ultrascaled technology nodes. We report the precise scaling of inter-CNT pitch using a supramolecular assembly method called spatially hindered integration of nanotube electronics. Specifically, by using DNA brick crystal-based nanotrenches to align DNA-wrapped CNTs through DNA hybridization, we constructed parallel CNT arrays with a uniform pitch as small as 10.4 nanometers, at...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may enable the fabrication of integrated circuits smaller than 10 nanometers, but this would require scalable production of dense and electronically pure semiconducting nanotube arrays on wafers. We developed a multiple dispersion and sorting process that resulted in extremely high semiconducting purity and a dimension-limited self-alignment (DLSA) procedure for preparing well-aligned CNT arrays (within alignment of 9 degrees) with a tunable density of 100 to...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
Optical atomic clocks are poised to redefine the Système International (SI) second, thanks to stability and accuracy more than 100 times better than the current microwave atomic clock standard. However, the best optical clocks have not seen their performance transferred to the electronic domain, where radar, navigation, communications, and fundamental research rely on less stable microwave sources. By comparing two independent optical-to-electronic signal generators, we demonstrate a 10-gigahertz...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
It is urgent to understand the future of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. We used estimates of seasonality, immunity, and cross-immunity for human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and HCoV-HKU1 using time-series data from the United States to inform a model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We projected that recurrent wintertime outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 will probably occur after the initial, most severe pandemic wave. Absent other interventions, a key metric for the...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
Maintaining phenological synchrony with flowers is a key ecological challenge for pollinators that may be exacerbated by ongoing environmental change. Here, we show that bumble bee workers facing pollen scarcity damage leaves of flowerless plants and thereby accelerate flower production. Laboratory studies revealed that leaf-damaging behavior is strongly influenced by pollen availability and that bee-damaged plants flower significantly earlier than undamaged or mechanically damaged controls. Subsequent...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) kill infected and cancerous cells. We detected transfer of cytotoxic multiprotein complexes, called supramolecular attack particles (SMAPs), from CTLs to target cells. SMAPs were rapidly released from CTLs and were autonomously cytotoxic. Mass spectrometry, immunochemical analysis, and CRISPR editing identified a carboxyl-terminal fragment of thrombospondin-1 as an unexpected SMAP component that contributed to target killing. Direct stochastic optical reconstruction...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
Naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater affects millions of people worldwide. We created a global prediction map of groundwater arsenic exceeding 10 micrograms per liter using a random forest machine-learning model based on 11 geospatial environmental parameters and more than 50,000 aggregated data points of measured groundwater arsenic concentration. Our global prediction map includes known arsenic-affected areas and previously undocumented areas of concern. By combining the global arsenic prediction...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
Topological protection is a universal phenomenon that applies to electronic, photonic, ultracold atomic, mechanical, and other systems. The vast majority of research in these systems has explored the linear domain, where interparticle interactions are negligible. We experimentally observed solitons—waves that propagate without changing shape as a result of nonlinearity—in a photonic Floquet topological insulator. These solitons exhibited distinct behavior in that they executed cyclotron-like orbits...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (–9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius),...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
Biofabricated semiconductor arrays exhibit smaller channel pitches than those created using existing lithographic methods. However, the metal ions within biolattices and the submicrometer dimensions of typical biotemplates result in both poor transport performance and a lack of large-area array uniformity. Using DNA-templated parallel carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays as model systems, we developed a rinsing-after-fixing approach to improve the key transport performance metrics by more than a factor of...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
Simultaneous observation of nuclear and electronic motion is crucial for a complete understanding of molecular dynamics in excited electronic states. It is challenging for a single experiment to independently follow both electronic and nuclear dynamics at the same time. Here we show that ultrafast electron diffraction can be used to simultaneously record both electronic and nuclear dynamics in isolated pyridine molecules, naturally disentangling the two components. Electronic state changes (S1->S0...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
Synaptic vesicles accumulate neurotransmitters, enabling the quantal release by exocytosis that underlies synaptic transmission. Specific neurotransmitter transporters are responsible for this activity and therefore are essential for brain function. The vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) concentrate the principal excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate into synaptic vesicles, driven by membrane potential. However, the mechanism by which they do so remains poorly understood owing to a lack of...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
The social environment, both in early life and adulthood, is one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality risk in humans. Evidence from long-term studies of other social mammals indicates that this relationship is similar across many species. In addition, experimental studies show that social interactions can causally alter animal physiology, disease risk, and life span itself. These findings highlight the importance of the social environment to health and mortality as well as Darwinian...
Thu May 21, 2020 20:38
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