Variations of the muscle belly and tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis to the fifth digit are common. We encountered an unusual variant during routine educational dissection; an accessory tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis that united with the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus to the fifth digit. This variant is not documented in the literature. Known variations of flexor digitorum superficialis to the fifth digit are discussed to allow for comparison with the variant identified in...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:38
Mandibular foramen is an irregular foramen located above the center on the medial surface of the ramus, containing the inferior alveolar nerve. This study aimed at determining the position of the mandibular foramen in adult Ethiopian populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia, on 130 human dry adult human mandibles of unknown gender and age. The position of right and left mandibular...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:36
The human salivary gland (SGs) develops as a highly branched structure designed to produce and secrete saliva indispensable to maintain the health of the oral cavity and for carry out physiological functions like mastication, taste perception and speech. Here we review the anatomy and cytoarchitecture of SGs and the most recent literature that has enabled a better understanding of the molecular signalling pathways of SGs development to translate this basic research towards therapy for patients suffering...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:35
This article outlines the fundamental phases of the scientific life of Camillo Golgi, the first Italian to win a Nobel Prize and one of the protagonists of European biomedical research between the 19th and 20th centuries.
Wed May 20, 2020 19:35
Mast cells are tissue-based immune cells that participate to both innate and adaptive immunity as well as to tissue-remodelling processes. Their phylogenetic development can be only guessed and partly reconstructed according to present trace evidence. This kind of cells have been found in all vertebrate classes and a cell population largely with the qualities of higher vertebrate mast cells is identifiable in the most evolutionarily sophisticated fish species. In invertebrates, cells correlated with...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:34
In comparison with other organs, the beating heart and the red color of blood flowing inside vessels not only were arguments for anatomical research but also inspired metaphorical as well as symbolical considerations. Indeed, for a long time the cardiac pump was thought as the seat of passions and a haemocardiocentric theory developed, especially in Aristotle’s philosophy. After the Galen’s medicine, new anatomical observations were shown in the Renaissance period, with modern descriptions of the...
Wed May 20, 2020 19:33
Purpose: While high T-cell density is a well-established favorable prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, the prognostic significance of tumor-associated plasma cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils is less well-defined. Experimental Design: We computationally processed digital images of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections to identify lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils in tumor intraepithelial and stromal areas of 934 colorectal cancers in two prospective cohort...
Thu May 21, 2020 16:23
Purpose: Gliomas are brain tumors with dismal prognoses. The standard-of-care treatments for gliomas include surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide administration; however, they have been ineffective in providing significant increases in median survival. Antigen-specific cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade may provide promising immunotherapeutic therapeutic approaches for gliomas. Experimental Design: Here, we have developed immunotherapy delivery vehicles based on synthetic...
Thu May 21, 2020 16:23
Purpose: Radiation and cetuximab are therapeutics used in management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite clinical success with these modalities, development of both intrinsic and acquired resistance is an emerging problem in the management of this disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate signaling of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL in resistance to radiation and cetuximab treatment. Experimental Design: To study AXL signaling in the context of treatment-resistant...
Thu May 21, 2020 16:23
We read with great interest the well-presented article entitled, “Comprehensive assessment of respiratory complications in patients with common variable immunodeficiency,” by Moazzami et al1 who reported a high pulmonary disease burden in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Thus, early respiratory monitoring is a high priority, even in asymptomatic patients with CVID. Although abnormal pulmonary function tests were recorded in more than half of the patients, no reference was made...
04:50
At the time of this writing, April 7, 2020, more than 1.2 million people worldwide are infected and more than 68,000 have died because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and this figure will surely multiply in the next few weeks according to Dr Anthony Fauci, head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2)...
04:50
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Chest CT may be used as a tool for rapid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) detection. Our aim was to investigate the value of additional chest CT for detection of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) in patients who undergo head CT for suspected stroke or head trauma in a COVID-19-endemic region.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Our study included 27 patients (mean age, 74 years; range, 54–90 years; 20 men) who underwent head CT for suspected stroke (n = 21) or head trauma (n = 6), additional chest...
Thu May 21, 2020 18:06
SUMMARY:Thrombectomy for large-vessel-occlusion stroke is a highly impactful treatment. The spread of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) across the United States and the globe impacts access to this crucial intervention through widespread societal and institutional changes. In this document, we review the implications of COVID-19 on the emergency care of large-vessel occlusion stroke, reviewing specific infection-control recommendations, available literature, existing resources, and expert consensus. As a...
Thu May 21, 2020 18:01
Thu May 21, 2020 17:55
SUMMARY:We describe 2 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) infection in whom brain imaging showed hemorrhagic posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and we discuss the possible reasons for these findings and their relationship to the infection.
Thu May 21, 2020 17:40
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Total spine MRIs are requested by the emergency department when focused imaging can not be ordered on the basis of history or clinical findings. However, their efficacy is not known. We assessed the following: 1) major radiologic and clinical outcomes of total spine MR imaging performed by the emergency department, and 2) whether the presence of a high-risk clinical profile and/or neurologic findings impacts the clinical outcomes.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Total spine MRIs requested...
Thu May 21, 2020 17:37
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Leptomeningeal glioneuronal heterotopia of the brain stem and cerebral migration abnormality were pathologically reported in Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, but the radiologic assessments of the brain stem and cerebral venous system (which may be involved in the development of the anomaly) were insufficient. Here, we evaluated the brain stem and cerebral veins on MR imaging in patients with Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We retrospectively...
Thu May 21, 2020 17:36
SUMMARY:It was the aim of our pilot study to investigate whether time-resolved flat panel conebeam CTA is able to demonstrate small cortical vessels in vivo. In 8 patients with small AVMs, time-resolved coronal MPRs of the vasculature of the frontal cortex were recalculated from 3D rotational angiography datasets with the use of a novel software prototype. 4D flat panel conebeam CTA demonstrated the course of the cortical arteries with small perpendicular side branches to the underlying cortex. Pial...
Thu May 21, 2020 17:22
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Early outcome prediction of postanoxic patients in a coma after cardiac arrest proves challenging. Current prognostication relies on multimodal testing, using clinical examination, electrophysiologic testing, biomarkers, and structural MR imaging. While this multimodal prognostication is accurate for predicting poor outcome (ie, death), it is not sensitive enough to identify good outcome (ie, consciousness recovery), thus leaving many patients with indeterminate prognosis....
Thu May 21, 2020 17:20
SUMMARY:Craniopagus twins are a rare congenital malformation in which twins are conjoined at the head. Although there is high prenatal and postnatal mortality for craniopagus twins, successful separation has become more common due to advances in neuroimaging, neuroanesthesia, and neurosurgical techniques. Joined brain tissue, shared arteries and veins, and defects in the skull and dura make surgery technically challenging, and neuroimaging plays an important role in preoperative planning. Drawing...
Thu May 21, 2020 17:20
SUMMARY:Spinal cord lesions have a real diagnostic and prognostic role in multiple sclerosis. Thus, optimizing their detection on MR imaging has become a central issue with direct therapeutic impact. In this study, we compared the 3D-MP2RAGE sequence with the conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (MAGNIMS) set for cervical cord lesion detection in 28 patients with multiple sclerosis. 3D-MP2RAGE allowed better detection of cervical lesions (+62%) in this population, with better...
Thu May 21, 2020 17:18
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Previous studies have suggested that the central vein sign and iron rims are specific features of MS lesions. Using 3T SWI, we aimed to compare the frequency of lesions with central veins and iron rims in patients with clinically isolated syndrome and MS-mimicking disorders and test their diagnostic value in predicting conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to MS.MATERIALS AND METHODS:For each patient, we calculated the number of brain lesions with central veins and iron...
Thu May 21, 2020 17:17
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Bacterial meningitis most commonly affects young children and can result in critical adverse outcomes, including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging for predicting the development of SNHL among infants with bacterial meningitis.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A retrospective review was performed among infants (age <365 days) with bacterial meningitis (n = 115). Independent and consensus blinded review of...
Thu May 21, 2020 16:57
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Fast and accurate quantification of globe volumes in the event of an ocular trauma can provide clinicians with valuable diagnostic information. In this work, an automated workflow using a deep learning-based convolutional neural network is proposed for prediction of globe contours and their subsequent volume quantification in CT images of the orbits.MATERIALS AND METHODS:An automated workflow using a deep learning -based convolutional neural network is proposed for prediction...
Thu May 21, 2020 16:55
Background. Arterial aneurysm in children is rare. Aim. To present the description of case series of successful surgical treatment of upper limb aneurysms in children. The case series included 2 boys and 3 girls, with median age 3.3 years. One of them was a newborn with a true brachial artery aneurysm. Aneurysms were in the brachial (n = 3) and radial (n = 2) arteries. Two patients had idiopathic aneurysms. Two cases were associated with connective tissue dysplasia syndrome. One patient had a history...
Thu May 21, 2020 19:50
Background. Peripheral arterial disease is a dramatic consequence of an uncontrolled diabetic condition causing an increase of morbidity and mortality and its treatment is currently medical or surgical, finally requiring, in the 7–20% of cases, major or minor amputation. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) is a laser treatment used in medicine, thanks to its ability to stimulate the wound healing, the acceleration of inflammatory process, and the modulation of pain. Recently, the self-administration...
Thu May 21, 2020 16:50
In the current and rapidly worsening pandemic, patients with COVID-19 may undergo imaging with FDG PET/CT. Because a significant proportion of infected patients may be asymptomatic, incidental discovery on a PET/CT scan performed for unrelated reasons can occur. Because of the highly infectious nature of this agent, it is important that interpreting physicians be aware of the typical imaging findings to identify potentially affected patients. We present the case of an asymptomatic patient referred...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
An 87-year-old man with primary salivary duct carcinoma and hepatic metastases was referred for restaging. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated new FDG-avid ground-glass opacities with intralobular septal thickening in both lungs with a peripheral dominant distribution. This was interpreted as a pattern highly suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia, and the referring physician was contacted. The patient was currently asymptomatic and without clinical evidence of active pneumonia. However, the patient tested positive...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
A 56-year-old woman with high-grade neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma had known contact history of COVID-19 about 16 days prior to the restaging PET/CT. The patient was instructed to self-quarantine for 14 days, and no COVID-19 test was performed. Upon arrival, the patient had low-grade fever of 37.1°C, but did not meet infection control criteria for COVID-19 testing, and it was approved to proceed with PET/CT. The FDG PET/CT images revealed new multifocal hypermetabolic bilateral pulmonary ground-glass...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
After dedicated CT and MRI, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was performed in a patient with a temporal bone mass with primary diagnostic considerations of an endolymphatic sac tumor versus a glomus jugulotympanicum paraganglioma. The 68Ga-DOTATATE PET showed mild radiotracer uptake in the mass (SUVmax, 10.9). After surgical resection, pathology revealed an endolymphatic sac tumor. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated somatostatin receptor type 2A expression in the vasculature of the mass, but not in the...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
A 36-year-old woman with a history of large B-cell lymphoma was referred for the exploration of sclerotic bone thoracic vertebral metastases discovered on a contrast-enhanced CT examination. 18F-FDG PET showed no pathological uptake in the affected vertebrae, as well as normal vertebral density on the coupled unenhanced CT. After review of the initial contrast-enhanced CT, a left brachiocephalic vein stenosis was noted, leading to a retrograde contrast filling of the accessory hemiazygos vein and...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Purpose The study aims to define the effect of different dose strategies on ophthalmic complications in patients with Graves’ disease (GD). Methods All the patients with GD and no or inactive ophthalmopathy (clinical activity score; CAS
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
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