The complex landscape history of the Neotropics has generated opportunities for population isolation and subsequent diversification that place this region among the most species-rich in the world. Detailed phylogeographic studies are required to uncover the biogeographic histories of Neotropical taxa, to identify evolutionary correlates of diversity, and to reveal patterns of genetic connectivity, disjunction, and potential differentiation among lineages from different areas of endemism. The White-crowned...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
The emergence of viral diseases in plant crops hamper the sustainability of food production, and this may be boosted by global warming. Concurrently, mixed viral infections are becoming common in plants, of which epidemiology are unpredictable due to within-host virus-virus interactions. However, the extent in which the combined effect of variations in the abiotic components of the plant ecological niche (e.g., temperature) and the prevalence of mixed infections (i.e., within-host interactions among...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
Building a genotype-phenotype-fitness map of adaptation is a central goal in evolutionary biology. It is notoriously difficult even when the adaptive mutations are known because it is hard to enumerate which phenotypes make these mutations adaptive. We address this problem by first quantifying how the fitness of hundreds of adaptive yeast mutants responds to subtle environmental shifts and then modeling the number of phenotypes they must collectively influence by decomposing these patterns of fitness...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
To gain insight into the evolution of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in primates, we extensively profiled a new panel of human, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan and macaque lymphoblastoid cell lines, using ChIP-seq for five histone marks, ATAC-seq and RNA-seq, further complemented with WGS and WGBS. We annotated regulatory elements and integrated chromatin contact maps to define gene regulatory architectures, creating the largest catalog of regulatory elements in primates to date. We...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
The use of anatomical networks to study the modular organization of morphological systems and their evolution is growing in recent years. A common strategy to find the best partition of anatomical networks into modules is to use a community detection algorithm that tries to optimize the modularity Q function. However, this strategy overlooks the fact that Q has a resolution limit for small modules, which is often the case in anatomical networks. This produces two problems. One is that some algorithms...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
When a parasite attacks an insect, the outcome is commonly modulated by the presence of defensive heritable symbionts residing within the insect host. Previous studies noted markedly different strengths of Spiroplasma-mediated fly survival following attack by the same strain of wasp. One difference between the two studies was the strain of Spiroplasma used. We therefore performed a common garden laboratory experiment to assess whether Spiroplasma-mediated protection depends upon the strain of Spiroplasma....
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
The detection of introgression from genomic data is transforming our view of species and the origins of adaptive variation. Among the most widely used approaches to detect introgression is the so-called ABBA BABA test or D statistic, which identifies excess allele sharing between non-sister taxa. Part of the appeal of D is its simplicity, but this also limits its informativeness, particularly about the timing and direction of introgression. Here we present a simple extension, D frequency spectrum...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
Although chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta, Salmonidae) biomass in the North Pacific is at a historical maximum, the number of individuals returning to Japan, the location of the world largest chum salmon hatchery program, has declined substantially over two decades. To search for potential causes of this decline in the context of evolutionary history, we synthesized catch/release and sea surface temperature (SST) statistics, and published genetic data, namely, 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
Background. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for over 80% of all lung cancers. Serum microRNAs (miRNAs), due to their high stability, have the potential to become valuable noninvasive biomarkers. This present study was aimed to identify the serum miRNAs expression signatures for the diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC using bioinformatics analysis. Methods. A total of 12 miRNAs profiling studies have been identified...
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Objective. In the present clinical trial, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LiESWT) on overactive bladder (OAB). Methods. Female subjects with ages of 20-75 years and who have been clinically diagnosed with OAB were included in the study. The LiESWT (DUOLITH SD1 T-TOP, AG) applicator was placed on the suprapubic skin area and applied with an intensity of 0.25 mJ/mm2, 3000 pulses, and 3 pulses/second. To assess the therapeutic efficacy, all subjects...
06:20
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic, is associated with some cutaneous manifestations. Although the cutaneous presentations of COVID-19 are infrequent, it is of great importance for all clinicians to be aware of these manifestations, as it may contribute to sooner and better diagnosis and management of the disease, even in asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic patients. The reported cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 are various, dispersed, and...
06:05
Herbal tea with antioxidant ingredients has gained increasing attention in the field of functional foods due to their amelioration potential in aging-related diseases. Wanglaoji herbal tea (WHT) is a kind of traditional beverage made from herbal materials. This study was performed to investigate its antioxidant activity and identify its protective effect on a H2O2-induced cell damage model. In this study, we identified six kinds of phenolic acids with antioxidant activity in WHT, among which rosmarinic...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 09:35
Purpose. The effect of preoperative anesthesia on coronary artery bypass grafting without extracorporeal circulation is not apparent. We want to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of two anesthesia methods on the treatment of coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) under extracorporeal circulation. Patients and Methods. The data of inhaled anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia before coronary artery bypass grafting were downloaded from the GEO database, and the differences were analyzed...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 09:35
The difference in muscle fiber types is very important to the muscle development and meat quality of broilers. At present, the molecular regulation mechanisms of skeletal muscle fiber-type transformation in broilers are still unclear. In this study, differentially expressed genes between breast and leg muscles in broilers were analyzed using RNA-seq. A total of 767 DEGs were identified. Compared with leg muscle, there were 429 upregulated genes and 338 downregulated genes in breast muscle. Gene Ontology...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 09:20
Oral cavity has been taken as one of the major reservoirs for Helicobacter pylori, the bacteria responsible for gastric infection and cancers. Dentists are frequently exposed to saliva; thus, theoretically, they are at a higher risk for oral H. pylori infection. In the present study, to test this hypothesis and to find out the potential factors associated with the increased risk, a cross-sectional study was carried out on a large scale of dentists () and nondentist controls (). By using nested polymerase...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 09:20
Abstract Background Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are midline gliomas that arise from the pons and the majority are lethal within a few months after diagnosis. Due to the lack of histological diagnosis the epidemiology of DIPG is not completely understood. The aim of this report is to provide population-based data to characterize the descriptive epidemiology of this condition in Canadian children. ...
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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a second course of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (re-SRT) and temozolomide (TMZ) as salvage treatment option in patients with aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs) and pituitary carcinomas (PCs). Patients and Methods Twenty-one patients with recurrent or progressive APTs (n = 17) and PCs (n = 4)...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
Abstract Introduction Tumor-related epilepsy may respond to chemotherapy. In a previously-published multi-centre randomized clinical trial of 562 elderly glioblastoma patients, temozolomide plus short-course radiotherapy conferred a survival benefit over radiotherapy alone. Seizure outcomes were not reported. Methods We performed an unplanned secondary...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
Oncogenesis, Published online: 06 July 2020; doi:10.1038/s41389-020-00249-zCXCL5 promotes gastric cancer metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activating neutrophils
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
Oncogenesis, Published online: 06 July 2020; doi:10.1038/s41389-020-00247-1BRN2 expression increases anoikis resistance in melanoma
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
Oncogenesis, Published online: 06 July 2020; doi:10.1038/s41389-020-00248-0Galectin-9 promotes a suppressive microenvironment in human cancer by enhancing STING degradation
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
To explore the efficacy and sensitivity of 3D gamma analysis and bio-mathematical model for cervical cancer in detecting dose changes caused by dose-calculation-grid-size (DCGS).
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
Purpose: Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) are devastating pediatric cancers in need of improved therapies. We sought to identify small molecules that exhibit in vitro and in vivo efficacy against preclinical models of RT. Experimental Design: We screened eight RT cell lines with 481 small molecules and compared their sensitivity to that of 879 other cancer cell lines. Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 inactivation screens in RTs were analyzed to confirm target vulnerabilities. Gene expression and CRISPR-Cas9 data were...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 17:18
Purpose: T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT), a member of the immune checkpoint family, is important in normal T-cell biology. However, the phenotypical profile and clinical relevance of TIGIT in follicular lymphoma (FL) is largely unknown. Experimental Design: Biopsy specimens from a cohort of 82 FL patients were analyzed using mass cytometry (CyTOF) to explore the phenotype and biological and clinical significance of TIGIT+ T cells. Results: TIGIT is highly expressed on intratumoral T cells and...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 17:18
Purpose: Pretreatment selection of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who derive clinical benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors would fulfill an unmet clinical need by reducing unnecessary toxicities from treatment and result in substantial health care savings. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective study, mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomic analysis was performed on pretreatment sera derived from advanced NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab as part of routine clinical...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 17:18
Abstract FR901533 (1, also known as WS79089B), WS79089A (2), and WS79089C (3) are polycyclic aromatic natural products with promising inhibitory activity to endothelin-converting enzymes. In this work, we isolated five tridecaketide products from Streptosporangium roseum No. 79089, including 1–3, benaphthamycin (4) and a novel FR901533 analogue (5). The structure of 5 was characterized based on spectroscopic data. Compared with the major product 2, the...
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Abstract Identifying new and economical means to utilize diverse lignocellulosic biomass is an urgent task. Ganoderma lucidum is a well-known edible and medicinal basidiomycete with an excellent ability to degrade a wide range of cellulosic biomass, and its nutrient use efficiency is closely related to the activity of extracellular cellulase. Intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis is controlled in response to nutritional status,...
03:00
Abstract Bacteria play determining roles in forest soil environment and contribute to essential functions in the cycling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Understanding the effects of different fertilizer applications, especially successive fertilization, on soil properties and bacterial community could reveal the impacts of fertilization on forest soil ecology and shed light on the nutrient cycling in forest system. This study aimed to evaluate the...
03:00
Abstract Pullulanases are widely used in food, medicine, and other industries because they specifically hydrolyze α-1,6-glycosidic linkages in starch and oligosaccharides. In addition, high-temperature thermostable pullulanase has multiple advantages, including decreasing saccharification solution viscosity accompanied with enhanced mass transfer and reducing microbial contamination in starch hydrolysis. However, thermophilic pullulanase availability remains...
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Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) populate the peripheral blood and contribute to immune regulation in cancer. However, there is limited knowledge on the myeloid cell types with proinflammatory capacities that may serve as opponents of MDSC. In the circulation of cancer patients, a monocyte subpopulation was identified with a specific immunophenotype and transcriptomic signature. They were predominantly CD14+CD33hiCD16−/+HLA-DR+/hi cells that typically expressed...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
Abstract Romidepsin (FK228), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), has anti-tumor effects against several types of solid tumors. Studies have suggested that HDACi could upregulate PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and change the state of anti-tumor immune responses in vivo. However, the influence of enhanced PD-L1 expression in tumor cells induced by romidepsin on anti-tumor immune responses is still under debate. So, the purpose of this study was to explore the anti-tumor effects...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 03:00
Many eukaryotes use RNA processing, including alternative splicing, to express multiple gene products from the same gene. While the majority of mammalian genes are alternatively spliced, other eukaryotes use this process less frequently. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been successfully used to study the mechanism of splicing and the splicing machinery, but alternative splicing in yeast is relatively rare and has not been extensively studied. Alternative splicing of SKI7/HBS1 is widely...
Mon Jul 06, 2020 20:03
Never bike without one. (Victor Xok via Unsplash/)Biking is looking ever-more like an efficient, healthy, and sustainable way to travel. With a two-wheeler, you can freely and quickly get around without coming into close contact with other people. But for any bike journey, most experienced riders will tell you that a helmet is essential to ensure your safety. Whether you’re a commuter or leisurely joyrider, the ideal bike helmet can withstand impact, and it will also provide you with more confidence...
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Everything where you need it to be. (American Heritage Chocolate via Unsplash/)Baking is an art form so, fittingly, it requires very specialized sets of tools. Keeping it all organized and neat can be as challenging as whipping up the perfect meringue, however, as anyone with a cabinet full of loose sprinkles and randomly, half-filled tins of baking powder can attest.Keeping your baking accessories handy, organized, and (as needed) portable will make sure you don’t waste time looking for what you...
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Officials across state lines are acknowledging that reopening too soon likely contributed to the spike in caseloads and are finding themselves right back where they started in March. (Pexels/)As we head into the dog days of summer, life in various states across the country feels starkly different.The New York City metro area and its neighboring states New Jersey and Connecticut are now experiencing relatively low rates of the virus, despite being the original US epicenter. At the same time states...
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